{"region":"Northern Utah","packs":[{"id":"p1","name":"Utah Essentials","blurb":"The 51 birds you are most likely to meet along the Wasatch Front, in the canyons and at the Great Salt Lake.","units":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]},{"id":"p2","name":"Beyond the Basics","blurb":"52 more Utah birds: look-alikes, marsh skulkers, sagebrush specialists and more raptors.","units":[8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]}],"units":[{"id":"backyard","name":"Backyard Regulars","blurb":"The birds on your lawn, fence and power line — learn these first.","birds":["amerob","bkbmag","houfin","moudov","eucdov","houspa"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"feeder","name":"Feeder & Hedge","blurb":"Small, quick, and easy to confuse. Faces and voices sort them out.","birds":["daejun","sonspa","whcspa","lesgol","spotow","bkcchi"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"clever","name":"Jays, Woodpeckers & Flocks","blurb":"Loud, clever and colorful — the birds that announce themselves.","birds":["wooscj","stejay","comrav","norfli","dowwoo","cedwax","eursta"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"canyon","name":"Canyon Summer","blurb":"Up the canyons from May to August: color, song, and a bird that walks underwater.","birds":["westan","lazbun","bkhgro","moublu","mouchi","bkchum","amedip"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"fields","name":"Fields & Fencelines","blurb":"Open country along farms, pastures and marsh edges.","birds":["wesmea","rewbla","yehbla","killde","calqua","weskin","barswa"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"lake","name":"Great Salt Lake","blurb":"A hemispheric crossroads: millions of shorebirds and grebes refuel on brine shrimp and flies.","birds":["calgul","ameavo","bknsti","amwpel","whfibi","eargre","wilpha"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"ponds","name":"Ponds & Marshes","blurb":"Ducks, geese, and the tall waders of Utah's wetlands.","birds":["mallar","cangoo","grbher","amecoo","cintea","sancra"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"raptors","name":"Raptors & Owls","blurb":"Hunters overhead and on the poles — shape and behavior tell them apart.","birds":["rethaw","amekes","baleag","grhowl","turvul"],"pack":"p1"},{"id":"town2","name":"Around Town","blurb":"Pigeons, crows, tiny flock birds — and the hawk that hunts your feeder.","birds":["rocpig","amecro","coohaw","amegfi","pinsis","bushti"],"pack":"p2"},{"id":"thicket","name":"Warblers & Thickets","blurb":"Small, quick songbirds of willows, cottonwoods and yards. Listen first, then look.","birds":["yerwar","yelwar","bulori","houwre","ruckin","chispa"],"pack":"p2"},{"id":"forest","name":"Mountain Forest","blurb":"Aspen and conifer specialists of the Wasatch and Uintas.","birds":["brthum","rebnut","haiwoo","clanut","rensap","towsol"],"pack":"p2"},{"id":"sage","name":"Sagebrush & Red Rock","blurb":"Open, dry country: larks, wrens, a butcher bird and a dancing grouse.","birds":["saypho","horlar","rocwre","sagthr","logshr","chukar","gresag"],"pack":"p2"},{"id":"shore","name":"Shorelines & Herons","blurb":"Gulls, curlews and the night-shift heron of Utah's wetlands.","birds":["ribgul","fragul","lobcur","sposan","wilsni","snoegr","bcnher"],"pack":"p2"},{"id":"divers","name":"Grebes & Ducks","blurb":"Divers and dabblers of the reservoirs and the Great Salt Lake marshes.","birds":["wesgre","clagre","pibgre","doccor","norsho","gadwal","comgol"],"pack":"p2"},{"id":"marsh","name":"Marsh Voices","blurb":"Birds you'll hear long before you see them — a lesson for your ears.","birds":["marwre","comyel","sora","virrai","grtgra","brebla","cliswa"],"pack":"p2"},{"id":"hunters","name":"Hunters II","blurb":"More raptors and owls, from a fish specialist to an owl that lives underground.","birds":["swahaw","norhar","osprey","goleag","burowl","wesowl"],"pack":"p2"}],"species":[{"id":"amerob","unit":"backyard","pack":"p1","name":"American Robin","sci":"Turdus migratorius","alpha":"AMRO","len":10,"family":"Thrushes","habitat":"Lawns, parks, orchards, canyon woodlands","marks":["Brick-orange breast","Gray-brown back, darker head","Broken white eye-ring and yellow bill"],"voice":"Rich, caroling phrases in a steady rhythm; also a clucking 'tut-tut' and a sharp whinny.","mnemonic":"cheerily, cheer-up, cheer-up, cheerily","facts":["Hunts earthworms by running, stopping, and tilting its head over the lawn.","Its eggs are the source of the color name 'robin's-egg blue.'","Often among the first birds singing before dawn in spring.","In winter it switches to fruit like juniper and Russian olive and roams in flocks."],"months":[0.661,1,0.891,0.944,0.657,0.844,0.624,0.243,0.209,0.303,0.378,0.661],"season":"Year-round","similar":["moudov","houfin","eursta"],"simOther":["Gray Catbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The American robin is a migratory bird of the true thrush genus and Turdidae, the wider thrush family. It is named after the European robin because of its reddish-orange breast, though the two species are not closely related, with the European robin belonging to the Old World flycatcher family. The American robin is widely distributed throughout North America, wintering from southern Canada to central Mexico and along the Pacific coast.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_robin"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12727","photos":[{"f":"p/amerob-0.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Rhododendrites","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:American_robin_(71307).jpg"},{"f":"p/amerob-1.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Judy Gallagher","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/111891996"},{"f":"p/amerob-c111891993.webp","w":720,"h":495,"by":"Judy Gallagher","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/111891993"},{"f":"p/amerob-3.webp","w":720,"h":507,"by":"John Powers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38852487","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/amerob-n1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"song","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-americanrobin.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-AMROROMO5182016HollowellParkTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"},{"f":"a/amerob-n2.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-americanrobin.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-AMROROMO5302017UpperBeaverMeadows.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":58,"y":51,"l":"brick-orange breast"},{"m":1,"x":47,"y":42,"l":"gray-brown back"},{"m":2,"x":62.5,"y":23.3,"l":"white eye-ring"}]},{"id":"bkbmag","unit":"backyard","pack":"p1","name":"Black-billed Magpie","sci":"Pica hudsonia","alpha":"BBMA","len":20,"family":"Crows, Jays, and Magpies","habitat":"Towns, farms, riparian thickets, sagebrush edges","marks":["Black and white with a very long tail","Blue-green iridescent wings and tail","Heavy black bill"],"voice":"Harsh, rapid chatter and questioning nasal calls.","mnemonic":"chek-chek-chek-chek","facts":["Builds a big domed stick nest with a side entrance.","Calls loudly when it finds a dead member of its species, drawing others into a noisy gathering.","Hides food in the ground and sometimes makes fake caches to fool thieves.","Lands on deer, elk and moose to pick ticks off their backs.","Was split from its Eurasian look-alike as a separate species in 2000 based on genetics."],"months":[0.561,0.545,0.783,0.737,0.466,0.589,0.45,0.768,0.639,1,0.782,0.717],"season":"Year-round","similar":["wooscj","norfli","spotow"],"simOther":["Oriental Magpie","Maghreb Magpie"],"wiki":{"text":"The black-billed magpie, also known as the American magpie, is a bird in the corvid family found in the western half of North America. It is black and white, with the wings and tail showing black areas and iridescent hints of blue and blue-green. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of Pica pica, but was separated as a species in its own in 2000 based on genetic studies.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-billed_magpie"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/143853","photos":[{"f":"p/bkbmag-0.webp","w":720,"h":514,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BlackBilledMagpie.jpg"},{"f":"p/bkbmag-c107880579.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Rose Zappa","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/107880579"},{"f":"p/bkbmag-c311194574.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Mayela y Ramón","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/311194574"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bkbmag-c284993313.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Mara","loc":"Ada County, ID, USA","inat":"284993313","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/bkbmag-n0.mp3","dur":7,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-blackbilledmagpie.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-BBMAROMO6242015MorainePark.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":20,"y":56.5,"l":"very long tail"},{"m":1,"x":52,"y":46,"l":"blue-green wings"},{"m":2,"x":81.5,"y":22,"l":"heavy black bill"}]},{"id":"houfin","unit":"backyard","pack":"p1","name":"House Finch","sci":"Haemorhous mexicanus","alpha":"HOFI","len":5.5,"family":"Finches, Euphonias, and Allies","habitat":"Towns, feeders, farms, desert scrub","marks":["Male: red head, breast and rump","Female: plain brown with blurry streaks","Stubby, curved bill; brown-streaked flanks"],"voice":"Long, cheerful, jumbled warble that often ends with a buzzy note.","mnemonic":"a run-on warble ending 'zeeer'","facts":["The male's red comes from pigments in its food — redder males tend to be better fed, and females prefer them.","Native to the West; eastern populations descend from birds released on Long Island in 1940.","Feeds its nestlings almost entirely on seeds and plant matter — unusual for a songbird."],"months":[0.739,0.947,0.602,0.5,0.421,0.461,0.463,0.359,0.412,1,0.663,0.67],"season":"Year-round","similar":["houspa","pinsis","amerob"],"simOther":["Cassin's Finch"],"wiki":{"text":"The house finch is a North American bird in the finch family. It is native to Mexico and southwestern United States, but has since been introduced to the eastern part of North America and Hawaiʻi, and is found year-round in almost all parts of the United States and most of Mexico, with breeding grounds well into Canada as far north as northern Alberta. There are estimated to be 40 million house finches across North America, making it the second-most populous finch, just behind the American goldfinch. The house finch and the other two American rosefinches are placed in the genus Haemorhous.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_finch"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/199840","photos":[{"f":"p/houfin-c6703062.webp","w":691,"h":720,"by":"aarongunnar","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/6703062"},{"f":"p/houfin-1.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"MostlyDross","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/177247547"},{"f":"p/houfin-3.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/338987930","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/houfin-c157840851.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Elana Feldman","loc":"Cache County, US-UT, US","inat":"157840851","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"f":"a/houfin-c153977460.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Hailey Steele","loc":"Thanksgiving Point, Lehi, UT, US","inat":"153977460","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":57,"y":43,"l":"red head and breast"},{"m":2,"x":66.5,"y":31,"l":"stubby curved bill"}]},{"id":"moudov","unit":"backyard","pack":"p1","name":"Mourning Dove","sci":"Zenaida macroura","alpha":"MODO","len":12,"family":"Pigeons and Doves","habitat":"Farms, towns, open country","marks":["Slender, soft tan-gray body","Long pointed tail with white edges","Black spots on the wings"],"voice":"Low, mournful cooing; wings make a sharp whistle on takeoff.","mnemonic":"coo-OOO-oo, oo, oo","facts":["Its wings make a whistling twitter when it bursts into flight.","Both parents feed their young 'crop milk,' a protein-rich secretion.","Can raise several broods in a single year when the weather stays warm.","Often mistaken for an owl because of its soft, hooting song."],"months":[0.474,0.649,0.666,1,0.915,0.808,0.901,0.906,0.643,0.635,0.491,0.787],"season":"Year-round","similar":["eucdov","amerob","rocpig"],"simOther":["White-winged Dove"],"wiki":{"text":"The mourning dove is a member of the dove family, Columbidae. The bird is also known as the American mourning dove, the rain dove, and colloquially as the turtle dove, and it was once known as the Carolina pigeon and Carolina turtledove. It is one of the most abundant and widespread North American birds and a popular gamebird, with more than 20 million birds shot annually in the U.S., both for sport and meat. Its ability to sustain its population under such pressure is due to its prolific breeding; in warm areas, one pair may raise up to six broods of two young each in a single year. The wings make an unusual whistling sound upon take-off and landing, a form of sonation. The bird is a strong flier, capable of speeds up to 88 km/h (55 mph).","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mourning_dove"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3454","photos":[{"f":"p/moudov-c452211337.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Paul Danese","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/452211337"},{"f":"p/moudov-2.webp","w":720,"h":578,"by":"Timothy Lindsey","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/488854845"},{"f":"p/moudov-c603804532.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Texas Bird Family","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/603804532"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/moudov-c375883335.mp3","dur":4,"type":"recording","by":"Mike Tilley","loc":"Lake Arthur, LA 70549, USA","inat":"375883335","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/moudov-c355406591.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Andrea Wallace","loc":"Cherry Valley, IL 61016, USA","inat":"355406591","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":52,"y":48,"l":"soft tan-gray body"},{"m":1,"x":85.5,"y":76.5,"l":"long pointed tail"},{"m":2,"x":73,"y":55.5,"l":"black wing spots"}]},{"id":"eucdov","unit":"backyard","pack":"p1","name":"Eurasian Collared-Dove","sci":"Streptopelia decaocto","alpha":"EUCD","len":12,"family":"Pigeons and Doves","habitat":"Towns, farms, grain elevators","marks":["Pale sandy gray, chunky","Narrow black half-collar on the back of the neck","Square tail with broad white tips"],"voice":"Three-part cooing repeated over and over; a harsh, nasal call in flight.","mnemonic":"koo-KOO-kook","facts":["Pet-shop doves that escaped or were released in the Bahamas in the 1970s started a spread across North America, including Utah.","Named for the thin black collar on the nape of its neck.","Larger and paler than a Mourning Dove, with a square — not pointed — tail."],"months":[0.858,0.822,0.841,1,0.511,0.409,0.734,0.724,0.712,0.731,0.647,0.809],"season":"Year-round","similar":["moudov","rocpig","coohaw"],"simOther":["African Collared-Dove","Cape Turtle Dove"],"wiki":{"text":"The Eurasian collared dove, often called the collared dove, is a dove species from the genus Streptopelia. It is grey-buff to pinkish-grey, and has a black half-collar edged with white on its nape, alluding to the name. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It has also been introduced to Japan, North and Central America, and select Caribbean islands.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_collared_dove"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/2969","photos":[{"f":"p/eucdov-0.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"stevem4560","lic":"CC BY 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2022-04-06_Streptopelia_decaocto,_Plovdiv,_Bulgaria_1.jpg"},{"f":"p/eucdov-c113228259.webp","w":720,"h":505,"by":"crseaquist","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/113228259"},{"f":"p/eucdov-2.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Iruka","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/72298521"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/eucdov-c42258743.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Fyn Kynd","loc":"Grand County, UT, USA","inat":"42258743","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"f":"a/eucdov-c166236613.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Robert Hoard","loc":"Beaver, KS 67871, USA","inat":"166236613","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":62,"y":31.2,"l":"black half-collar"}]},{"id":"houspa","unit":"backyard","pack":"p1","name":"House Sparrow","sci":"Passer domesticus","alpha":"HOSP","len":6.3,"family":"Old World Sparrows","habitat":"Cities, farms, stores and fast-food lots","marks":["Male: gray crown, chestnut nape, black bib","Female: plain buffy-brown with a pale eyebrow","Chunky with a thick bill"],"voice":"Monotonous, sparrowy chirps given over and over.","mnemonic":"cheep, cheep, cheep","facts":["Brought from England to Brooklyn, New York, in 1851–52.","Not a true American sparrow — it belongs to the Old World sparrow family.","Takes dust baths, flicking dry soil through its feathers and defending the bath from others."],"months":[0.652,0.653,1,0.96,0.685,0.712,0.712,0.478,0.416,0.708,0.767,0.973],"season":"Year-round","similar":["houfin","sonspa","bkcchi"],"simOther":["Eurasian Tree Sparrow","Lark Sparrow"],"wiki":{"text":"The house sparrow is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world. It is a small bird that has a typical length of 16 cm (6.3 in) and a mass of 24–39.5 g (0.85–1.39 oz). Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey, and males have brighter black, white, and brown markings. One of 28 species in the genus Passer, the house sparrow is native to most of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, and a large part of Asia. Its intentional or accidental introductions to many regions, including parts of Australasia, Africa, and the Americas, make it the most widely distributed wild bird.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_sparrow"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/13858","photos":[{"f":"p/houspa-0.webp","w":720,"h":541,"by":"Esteban Poveda","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/136543105"},{"f":"p/houspa-1.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"hedera.baltica","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/181802756"},{"f":"p/houspa-2.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"jirau","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/454836800"},{"f":"p/houspa-3.webp","w":720,"h":900,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/330164032","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/houspa-c227410192.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"L.J. Lamera","loc":"Yalow Dr, Champaign, IL, US","inat":"227410192","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/houspa-c171760308.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Mary K. Hanson","loc":"Rosemont Downs, Rosemont, CA 95826, USA","inat":"171760308","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":38,"y":40,"l":"black bib"},{"m":2,"x":45,"y":28.5,"l":"thick bill"}]},{"id":"daejun","unit":"feeder","pack":"p1","name":"Dark-eyed Junco","sci":"Junco hyemalis","alpha":"DEJU","len":6,"family":"New World Sparrows","habitat":"Mountain forests in summer; lowland yards and feeders in winter","marks":["Dark hood — gray or black depending on the form","Pale pink bill","White outer tail feathers flash in flight"],"voice":"A musical trill on a single pitch; sharp 'tsik' and 'smack' calls.","mnemonic":"a ringing one-note trill","facts":["Flashes bright white outer tail feathers every time it flies.","Nicknamed the 'snowbird' because it shows up in lowland yards as winter arrives.","Utah hosts several distinct-looking forms: Oregon, Pink-sided, Gray-headed and Slate-colored."],"months":[0.879,0.715,0.643,0.219,0.111,0.223,0.339,0.206,0.272,0.881,0.851,1],"season":"Year-round","similar":["wooscj","bkcchi","houspa"],"simOther":["Western Bluebird","Green-tailed Towhee"],"wiki":{"text":"The dark-eyed junco is a species of junco, a group of small, grayish New World sparrows. The species is common across much of temperate North America and in summer it ranges far into the Arctic. It is a variable species, much like the related fox sparrow, and its systematics are still not completely resolved.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-eyed_junco"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/10094","photos":[{"f":"p/daejun-0.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Cephas","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Junco_hyemalis_hyemalis_CT1_(cropped).jpg"},{"f":"p/daejun-1.webp","w":720,"h":432,"by":"Becky Matsubara","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/462900958"},{"f":"p/daejun-c613289246.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Michael","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/613289246"},{"f":"p/daejun-3.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Isaac Krone","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/30465002","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/daejun-n2.mp3","dur":10,"type":"song","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-darkeyedjunco.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-DEJUROMO6102015FernLakeTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"},{"f":"a/daejun-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"song","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-darkeyedjunco.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-GHJUROMO6222015GemLakeTrail1.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":30,"y":37,"l":"dark hood"},{"m":1,"x":25,"y":25,"l":"pale pink bill"},{"m":2,"x":79,"y":65,"l":"white outer tail"}]},{"id":"sonspa","unit":"feeder","pack":"p1","name":"Song Sparrow","sci":"Melospiza melodia","alpha":"SOSP","len":6,"family":"New World Sparrows","habitat":"Streamside thickets, marsh edges, overgrown yards","marks":["Heavy brown streaks merging into a central breast spot","Gray face with brown stripes","Long rounded tail it pumps in flight"],"voice":"Two or three clear opening notes, then a buzz and a tumbling trill.","mnemonic":"maids, maids, maids, put on your tea-kettle-ettle-ettle","facts":["Pumps its tail up and down as it flies between bushes.","Each male sings several distinct song types and switches between them.","One of the most variable birds in North America, with many regional forms."],"months":[0.857,1,0.871,0.701,0.681,0.562,0.461,0.305,0.404,0.624,0.834,0.872],"season":"Year-round","similar":["houspa","whcspa","houfin"],"simOther":["Lincoln's Sparrow","Brewer's Sparrow"],"wiki":{"text":"The song sparrow is a medium-sized New World sparrow. Among the native sparrows in North America, it is easily one of the most abundant, variable, and adaptable species.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_sparrow"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9100","photos":[{"f":"p/sonspa-0.webp","w":720,"h":505,"by":"Rhododendrites","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Song_sparrow_in_Prospect_Park_(93031).jpg"},{"f":"p/sonspa-c480991086.webp","w":720,"h":552,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/480991086"},{"f":"p/sonspa-c129376982.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/129376982"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/sonspa-c76851883.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"Canyonlands National Park, San Juan County, US-UT, US","inat":"76851883","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/sonspa-c263478514.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Scott Harris","loc":"Concord, MA 01742, USA","inat":"263478514","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":60.7,"y":46.5,"l":"central breast spot"},{"m":1,"x":55.5,"y":30,"l":"gray face"}]},{"id":"whcspa","unit":"feeder","pack":"p1","name":"White-crowned Sparrow","sci":"Zonotrichia leucophrys","alpha":"WCSP","len":6,"family":"New World Sparrows","habitat":"Brushy lowlands in winter; high mountain meadows in summer","marks":["Bold black-and-white striped crown","Pinkish-orange bill","Clean gray breast; young birds have brown-and-tan crown stripes"],"voice":"Clear whistles followed by buzzy, jumbled trills.","mnemonic":"a sweet whistle, then 'zee-zee-zee' trills","facts":["Its songs differ by region — a classic study subject for bird 'dialects.'","A migrating bird has been recorded flying over 300 miles in a single night.","Breeds in Utah's high mountains but floods the valleys in winter."],"months":[0.633,0.571,0.442,0.366,0.136,0.128,0.395,0.194,0.527,1,0.714,0.671],"season":"Year-round","similar":["houspa","sonspa","chispa"],"simOther":["American Tree Sparrow"],"wiki":{"text":"The white-crowned sparrow is a species of passerine bird native to North America. A medium-sized member of the New World sparrow family, this species is marked by a grey face and black and white streaking on the upper head. It breeds in brushy areas in the taiga and tundra of the northernmost parts of the continent and in the Rocky Mountains and Pacific coast. While southerly populations in the Rocky Mountains and coast are largely resident, the breeding populations of the northerly part of its range are migratory and can be found as wintering or passage visitors through most of North America south to central Mexico.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-crowned_sparrow"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9176","photos":[{"f":"p/whcspa-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Wolfgang Wander","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White-crowned-Sparrow.jpg"},{"f":"p/whcspa-c170917741.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/170917741"},{"f":"p/whcspa-c27929.webp","w":576,"h":720,"by":"Lip Kee Yap","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/27929"},{"f":"p/whcspa-3.webp","w":720,"h":810,"by":"CK2AZ","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8750570","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/whcspa-c98557159.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Anne Parsons","loc":"Joseph D. Grant County Park, CA, USA","inat":"98557159","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/whcspa-c114540984.mp3","dur":4,"type":"recording","by":"rdodhia","loc":"Lawton Park, Seattle, WA 98199, USA","inat":"114540984","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":31.5,"y":26.5,"l":"striped crown"},{"m":1,"x":24,"y":33,"l":"pinkish-orange bill"},{"m":2,"x":31,"y":47,"l":"clean gray breast"}]},{"id":"lesgol","unit":"feeder","pack":"p1","name":"Lesser Goldfinch","sci":"Spinus psaltria","alpha":"LEGO","len":4,"family":"Finches, Euphonias, and Allies","habitat":"Yards, feeders, riparian woods, scrub oak","marks":["Tiny; male bright yellow below with black cap","Green or dark back with white wing patches","Female plain olive-yellow"],"voice":"Plaintive descending whistles; a jumbled song full of imitations.","mnemonic":"tee-yee (sliding down)","facts":["Weaves imitations of other birds' calls into its song.","A regular at sunflower and nyjer feeders along the Wasatch Front.","One of the smallest finches in North America."],"months":[0.557,0.438,0.396,0.249,0.208,0.223,0.275,0.456,0.505,1,0.521,0.685],"season":"Year-round","similar":["amegfi","westan","pinsis"],"simOther":[],"wiki":{"text":"The lesser goldfinch is a small finch in the genus Spinus native to the Americas.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_goldfinch"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145308","photos":[{"f":"p/lesgol-c168288494.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/168288494"},{"f":"p/lesgol-c348512915.webp","w":720,"h":625,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/348512915"},{"f":"p/lesgol-3.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/338028034","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/lesgol-c269766526.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Anne Parsons","loc":"Ed R. Levin County Park, CA, USA","inat":"269766526","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/lesgol-c152438603.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Amelia Tauber","loc":"American River Bike Trail, Sacramento, CA, US","inat":"152438603","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":36,"y":27,"l":"black cap"},{"m":1,"x":56.5,"y":44,"l":"white wing patch"}]},{"id":"spotow","unit":"feeder","pack":"p1","name":"Spotted Towhee","sci":"Pipilo maculatus","alpha":"SPTO","len":7.5,"family":"New World Sparrows","habitat":"Scrub oak, maple thickets, brushy foothills","marks":["Black hood and back with white spots","Rusty-orange sides, white belly","Red eye; long tail with white corners"],"voice":"A dry, buzzy trill; cat-like rising 'mew' call from the brush.","mnemonic":"chweeeeee (buzzy) and a cat-like 'mreee'","facts":["Scratches for food with a two-footed backward hop in dry leaves.","Its catlike 'mew' call often gives it away before you see it.","Lives in Utah's scrub oak and brushy foothills year-round."],"months":[1,0.762,0.906,0.693,0.754,0.778,0.412,0.206,0.46,0.717,0.684,0.959],"season":"Year-round","similar":["bkhgro","amerob","wooscj"],"simOther":["Eastern Towhee"],"wiki":{"text":"The spotted towhee is a large New World sparrow. The taxonomy of the towhees has been debated in recent decades, and until 1995 this bird and the eastern towhee were considered a single species, then named rufous-sided towhee. Another outdated name for the spotted towhee is the Oregon towhee. The call may be harsher and more varied than for the eastern towhee.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_towhee"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9420","photos":[{"f":"p/spotow-0.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Becky Matsubara from El Sobrante, California","lic":"CC BY 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spotted_Towhee_(32684403303).jpg"},{"f":"p/spotow-c346755715.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Daniel S. Katz","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/346755715"},{"f":"p/spotow-2.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Nigel Voaden","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/2373007"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/spotow-c220342649.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Michael Thaibinh","loc":"Hurricane, UT 84737, USA","inat":"220342649","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/spotow-c116284250.mp3","dur":4,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"San Juan County, US-UT, US","inat":"116284250","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":51.5,"y":38.5,"l":"white spots"},{"m":1,"x":45,"y":44,"l":"rusty-orange sides"},{"m":2,"x":35,"y":18,"l":"red eye"}]},{"id":"bkcchi","unit":"feeder","pack":"p1","name":"Black-capped Chickadee","sci":"Poecile atricapillus","alpha":"BCCH","len":5.3,"family":"Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","habitat":"Riparian woods, parks, shade trees","marks":["Black cap and bib","Bright white cheeks","Soft gray back with buffy sides"],"voice":"A clear two-note whistle; the namesake 'chick-a-dee-dee-dee' call.","mnemonic":"fee-bee (song) · chick-a-dee-dee-dee (call)","facts":["Adds more 'dee' notes to its alarm call when the predator is more dangerous.","Hides seeds in thousands of spots and remembers where they are.","Drops its body temperature at night to survive cold winter nights."],"months":[1,0.708,0.719,0.484,0.237,0.279,0.421,0.463,0.615,0.958,0.789,0.848],"season":"Year-round","similar":["mouchi","houspa","daejun"],"simOther":["Carolina Chickadee"],"wiki":{"text":"The black-capped chickadee is a small, nonmigratory, North American passerine bird that lives in deciduous and mixed forests. It is a member of the Paridae family, also known as tits. It has a distinct black cap on its head, a black bib underneath, and white cheeks. It has a white belly, buff sides, and grey wings, back, and tail. The bird is well known for its vocalizations, including its fee-bee song and its chick-a-dee-dee-dee call, from which it derives its name.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_chickadee"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/144815","photos":[{"f":"p/bkcchi-0.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"No machine-readable author provided. Mdf assumed (based on copyright claims).","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poecile-atricapilla-001.jpg"},{"f":"p/bkcchi-c339619545.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/339619545"},{"f":"p/bkcchi-c465041866.webp","w":534,"h":720,"by":"Sandy Wolkenberg","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/465041866"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bkcchi-c110689476.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Annie Evankow","loc":"Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Provo, UT, US","inat":"110689476","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/bkcchi-c208619585.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Aaron Roe","loc":"Kearns, UT 84118, USA","inat":"208619585","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":43,"y":9,"l":"black cap"},{"m":1,"x":46,"y":18,"l":"white cheek"},{"m":2,"x":52,"y":52,"l":"buffy sides"}]},{"id":"wooscj","unit":"clever","pack":"p1","name":"Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay","sci":"Aphelocoma woodhouseii","alpha":"WOSJ","len":11,"family":"Crows, Jays, and Magpies","habitat":"Pinyon-juniper, scrub oak, foothill neighborhoods","marks":["Blue head, wings and tail — no crest","Gray-brown back","Whitish throat with a faint blue necklace"],"voice":"Harsh, raspy scolds and rising shrieks.","mnemonic":"shreeenk! shreeenk!","facts":["Was split from the 'Western Scrub-Jay' into two species in 2016.","Buries pinyon nuts and acorns to eat later; forgotten caches can sprout into new trees.","Has no crest — the quickest way to tell it from a Steller's Jay."],"months":[0.56,0.574,0.645,0.385,0.355,0.44,0.316,0.458,0.752,1,0.78,0.691],"season":"Year-round","similar":["moublu","daejun","stejay"],"simOther":["Pinyon Jay","California Scrub-Jay"],"wiki":{"text":"Woodhouse's scrub jay is a species of scrub jay native to western North America, ranging from southeastern Oregon and southern Idaho to central Mexico. Woodhouse's scrub jay was until recently considered the same species as the California scrub jay, and collectively called the western scrub jay. Prior to that both of them were also considered the same species as the island scrub jay and the Florida scrub jay; the taxon was then called simply the scrub jay. Woodhouse's scrub jay is nonmigratory and can be found in urban areas, where it can become tame and will come to bird feeders. While many refer to scrub jays as \"blue jays\", the blue jay is a different species of bird entirely. Woodhouse's scrub jay is named for the American naturalist and explorer Samuel Washington Woodhouse.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhouse's_scrub_jay"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/506117","photos":[{"f":"p/wooscj-0.webp","w":720,"h":609,"by":"psweet","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/12836522"},{"f":"p/wooscj-c607206991.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Kevin Floyd","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/607206991"},{"f":"p/wooscj-c623458709.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/623458709"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/wooscj-c315834557.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Scott Crabtree","loc":"Old Fort Lowell, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA","inat":"315834557","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/wooscj-c235586764.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Indio Brown","loc":"Durango, CO, USA","inat":"235586764","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":44.5,"y":17,"l":"blue head"},{"m":2,"x":38,"y":33,"l":"whitish throat"}]},{"id":"stejay","unit":"clever","pack":"p1","name":"Steller's Jay","sci":"Cyanocitta stelleri","alpha":"STJA","len":12.5,"family":"Crows, Jays, and Magpies","habitat":"Conifer and aspen forests, mountain campgrounds","marks":["Tall black crest","Charcoal front half, deep blue body","Rocky Mountain birds have white streaks above the eye"],"voice":"Harsh 'shook-shook-shook' calls; a talented mimic.","mnemonic":"shook-shook-shook","facts":["Often imitates the scream of a Red-tailed Hawk.","Named for Georg Steller, a naturalist who saw one in Alaska in 1741.","A familiar camp robber at Utah's mountain campgrounds."],"months":[0.358,0.325,0.645,0.327,0.31,0.366,0.717,1,0.981,0.91,0.434,0.354],"season":"Year-round","similar":["wooscj","amerob","comrav"],"simOther":["Blue Jay","Pinyon Jay"],"wiki":{"text":"Steller's jay is a bird native to western North America and the mountains of Central America, closely related to the blue jay found in eastern North America. It is the only crested jay west of the Rocky Mountains. It is also sometimes colloquially called a \"blue jay\" in the Pacific Northwest, but is distinct from the blue jay of eastern North America. The species inhabits pine-oak and coniferous forests.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steller's_jay"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/8234","photos":[{"f":"p/stejay-c640727.webp","w":476,"h":720,"by":"Noel Reynolds","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/640727"},{"f":"p/stejay-c42731844.webp","w":720,"h":478,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/42731844"},{"f":"p/stejay-c289178714.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Rajan Rao","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/289178714"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/stejay-c344038369.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Tser","loc":"Cooper Mountain - Aloha North, Beaverton, OR, USA","inat":"344038369","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/stejay-c156334007.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Andrew Evans","loc":"Monterey County, US-CA, US","inat":"156334007","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":63,"y":12,"l":"tall black crest"},{"m":1,"x":45,"y":54,"l":"deep blue body"},{"m":2,"x":63.5,"y":22,"l":"white brow streaks"}]},{"id":"comrav","unit":"clever","pack":"p1","name":"Common Raven","sci":"Corvus corax","alpha":"CORA","len":24,"family":"Crows, Jays, and Magpies","habitat":"Everywhere: deserts, canyons, cities, mountains","marks":["Huge and all black","Heavy bill and shaggy throat feathers","Wedge-shaped tail in flight"],"voice":"Deep, croaking calls plus knocks, gurgles and bell-like notes.","mnemonic":"a deep, rolling 'gronk'","facts":["Its tail is wedge-shaped in flight; a crow's is squared off.","Among the most intelligent birds: it solves puzzles and has been seen sliding down snowbanks for fun.","Pairs often stay together for life and defend a territory year after year."],"months":[0.377,0.544,0.714,0.38,0.504,0.714,0.645,0.522,0.727,1,0.675,0.556],"season":"Year-round","similar":["amecro","baleag","turvul"],"simOther":["Chihuahuan Raven","Brown-necked Raven"],"wiki":{"text":"The common raven or northern raven is a large all-black passerine bird. It is the most widely distributed of all corvids, found across the Northern Hemisphere. There are 11 accepted subspecies with little variation in appearance, although recent research has demonstrated significant genetic differences among populations from various regions. It is one of the two largest corvids, alongside the thick-billed raven, and is the heaviest passerine bird; at maturity, the common raven averages 63 centimetres in length and 1.47 kilograms in weight, up to 2 kg (4.4 lb) in the heaviest individuals. Although their typical lifespan is considerably shorter, common ravens can live more than 23 years in the wild. Young birds may travel in flocks but later mate for life, with each mated pair defending a territory.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_raven"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/8010","photos":[{"f":"p/comrav-c211237434.webp","w":540,"h":720,"by":"emilyd47","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/211237434"},{"f":"p/comrav-c119994014.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"xulescu_g","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/119994014"},{"f":"p/comrav-c462471314.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"cello caruso-turiello","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/462471314"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/comrav-c288879814.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Indio Brown","loc":"Carbon County, US-UT, US","inat":"288879814","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/comrav-c366520366.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Eric Schmidt","loc":"Canyonlands National Park, San Juan County, US-UT, US","inat":"366520366","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":63,"y":24,"l":"all-black plumage"},{"m":1,"x":77,"y":15.3,"l":"heavy black bill"}]},{"id":"norfli","unit":"clever","pack":"p1","name":"Northern Flicker","sci":"Colaptes auratus","alpha":"NOFL","len":12,"family":"Woodpeckers","habitat":"Neighborhoods, parks, open woods","marks":["Brown with black bars and spots; black chest crescent","Western birds flash salmon-red under wings and tail","White rump patch in flight"],"voice":"Loud single 'kyeer' and long rolling 'wick-wick-wick' series; drums on metal.","mnemonic":"kyeer! · wick-wick-wick-wick","facts":["A woodpecker that often feeds on the ground, eating ants.","Western birds have salmon-red feather shafts; eastern birds have yellow.","Drums on metal gutters and chimneys because they make the loudest sound."],"months":[0.711,0.629,0.49,0.182,0.124,0.19,0.209,0.229,0.462,1,0.831,0.867],"season":"Year-round","similar":["haiwoo","coohaw","ruckin"],"simOther":["Gilded Flicker","Northern × Gilded Flicker"],"wiki":{"text":"The northern flicker or common flicker is a medium-sized bird of the woodpecker family. It is native to most of North America, parts of Central America, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands, and is one of the few woodpecker species that migrate. Over 100 common names for the northern flicker are known, including yellowhammer, clape, gaffer woodpecker, harry-wicket, heigh-ho, wake-up, walk-up, wick-up, yarrup, and gawker bird. Many of these names derive from attempts to imitate some of its calls.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_flicker"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/18236","photos":[{"f":"p/norfli-c115602651.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Jon Robson","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/115602651"},{"f":"p/norfli-c595035685.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/595035685"},{"f":"p/norfli-3.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"William Harmon","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/345533715","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/norfli-c105640364.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Gavin Slater","loc":"Washington, US","inat":"105640364","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/norfli-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-northernflicker.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-NOFLROMO06292015MorainePark.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":52,"y":47,"l":"black-barred brown back"},{"m":2,"x":37.2,"y":58,"l":"white rump patch"}]},{"id":"dowwoo","unit":"clever","pack":"p1","name":"Downy Woodpecker","sci":"Dryobates pubescens","alpha":"DOWO","len":6,"family":"Woodpeckers","habitat":"Shade trees, riparian woods, suet feeders","marks":["Small black-and-white woodpecker","White stripe down the back","Tiny bill much shorter than its head; males have a red nape spot"],"voice":"A soft, flat 'pik' and a descending whinny.","mnemonic":"pik! · a falling whinny","facts":["The smallest woodpecker in North America.","Its bill is much shorter than its head — a Hairy Woodpecker's is nearly as long.","In winter, males tend to forage on small twigs while females work larger branches."],"months":[0.937,0.606,0.586,0.433,0.269,0.335,0.305,0.496,0.628,0.69,0.66,1],"season":"Year-round","similar":["haiwoo","norfli","amerob"],"simOther":["Red-cockaded Woodpecker","Williamson's Sapsucker"],"wiki":{"text":"The downy woodpecker is a species of woodpecker, the smallest in North America. Length ranges from 14 to 18 cm. Downy woodpeckers primarily live in forested areas throughout the United States and Canada, with the exception of deserts in the southwest and the northern tundra. The bird nests in tree cavities and feeds primarily on insects, although it supplements its diet with seeds and berries. The downy woodpecker is very similar in appearance to the hairy woodpecker, although they are not closely related.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downy_woodpecker"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/792988","photos":[{"f":"p/dowwoo-c31579590.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/31579590"},{"f":"p/dowwoo-c185431996.webp","w":540,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/185431996"},{"f":"p/dowwoo-3.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/335263190","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/dowwoo-c280584019.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"roy pilcher","loc":"The Gables, Rutland, VT, USA","inat":"280584019","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/dowwoo-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-downywoodpecker.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-DOWOROMO672017MillCreekBasin.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":62,"y":57,"l":"black-and-white plumage"},{"m":1,"x":72,"y":47,"l":"white back stripe"},{"m":2,"x":29.5,"y":33.3,"l":"tiny short bill"}]},{"id":"cedwax","unit":"clever","pack":"p1","name":"Cedar Waxwing","sci":"Bombycilla cedrorum","alpha":"CEDW","len":6.5,"family":"Waxwings","habitat":"Fruiting trees, riparian corridors, parks","marks":["Sleek, crested, warm brown","Black mask","Yellow tail tip and red waxy wing tips"],"voice":"Very high, thin, lisping whistles — easy to miss.","mnemonic":"sreee (a whisper-thin whistle)","facts":["Named for red, wax-like tips on some wing feathers.","Can become intoxicated after gorging on fermented berries.","Flocks sometimes pass a berry from bird to bird down a branch.","Birds that ate non-native honeysuckle berries can have orange tail tips."],"months":[0.918,0.897,0.885,0.208,0.248,0.3,0.252,0.207,0.259,0.277,0.822,1],"season":"Year-round","similar":["weskin","amerob","houspa"],"simOther":["Bohemian Waxwing"],"wiki":{"text":"The cedar waxwing is a member of the family Bombycillidae or waxwing family of passerine birds. It is a medium-sized bird that is mainly brown, gray, and yellow. Some of the wing feathers have red tips, which resemble sealing wax, giving the bird its common name. It is a native of North and Central America, breeding in open wooded areas in southern Canada and wintering in the southern half of the United States, Central America, and the far northwest of South America. Its diet includes cedar cones, fruit, holly berries, and insects. The cedar waxwing is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_waxwing"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7428","photos":[{"f":"p/cedwax-c266706327.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/266706327"},{"f":"p/cedwax-c171136108.webp","w":720,"h":652,"by":"Nell Cant","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/171136108"},{"f":"p/cedwax-2.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Christian Back","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/170848062"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/cedwax-c73234915.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Hunter Hickok","loc":"Draper City Park, Draper, UT, US","inat":"73234915","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/cedwax-c386589553.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Steven J. Røste","loc":"Forestville Township, MN, USA","inat":"386589553","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":47,"y":18,"l":"warm brown crest"},{"m":1,"x":56,"y":25,"l":"black mask"},{"m":2,"x":45,"y":84,"l":"yellow tail tip"}]},{"id":"eursta","unit":"clever","pack":"p1","name":"European Starling","sci":"Sturnus vulgaris","alpha":"EUST","len":8.5,"family":"Starlings","habitat":"Cities, farms, feedlots","marks":["Glossy black with purple-green sheen","Yellow bill in summer; white spots in winter","Short square tail and pointed triangular wings"],"voice":"Wheezes, rattles, clicks and whistles, often copying other birds.","mnemonic":"a medley of squeaks, whistles and imitations","facts":["North America's starlings descend from about 100 birds released in New York's Central Park around 1890.","A skilled mimic that copies other birds and even car alarms.","Huge flocks twist through the sky in synchronized 'murmurations.'"],"months":[0.658,0.781,0.735,0.7,0.538,0.307,0.345,0.251,0.463,0.559,0.958,1],"season":"Year-round","similar":["brebla","rewbla","amerob"],"simOther":["Spotless Starling","Brown-headed Cowbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The common starling, also known simply as the starling in Great Britain and Ireland, and as the European starling in North America, is a medium-sized passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is about 20 cm (8 in) long and has glossy black plumage with a metallic sheen, which is speckled with white at some times of the year. The legs are pink and the bill is black in winter and yellow in summer; young birds have browner plumage than the adults. Its gift for mimicry has been noted in literature including the Mabinogion and the works of Pliny the Elder and William Shakespeare.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_starling"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/14850","photos":[{"f":"p/eursta-0.webp","w":720,"h":622,"by":"Timothy Lindsey","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/488854941"},{"f":"p/eursta-c679080004.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"brentnmoran","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/679080004"},{"f":"p/eursta-c365984069.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Shiva Shenoy","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/365984069"},{"f":"p/eursta-3.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/380560366","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/eursta-c117199815.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Elana Feldman","loc":"Cache County, US-UT, US","inat":"117199815","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"f":"a/eursta-c257494869.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Trystan","loc":"S Hunter Dr, Saratoga Springs, UT, US","inat":"257494869","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":29,"y":28,"l":"yellow bill"}]},{"id":"westan","unit":"canyon","pack":"p1","name":"Western Tanager","sci":"Piranga ludoviciana","alpha":"WETA","len":7,"family":"Cardinals and Allies","habitat":"Mountain conifer forests in summer","marks":["Male: bright yellow body with a red-orange head","Black back and wings with yellow wing bars","Female: olive-yellow with wing bars"],"voice":"Hoarse, robin-like phrases; a rising 'pit-er-ick' call.","mnemonic":"pit-er-ick","facts":["The red on its head comes from a pigment it gets from insects it eats — rare among birds.","Breeds farther north than any other tanager.","A summer visitor to Utah's mountain forests."],"months":[0,0,0.004,0.006,1,0.651,0.753,0.687,0.575,0.03,0,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["lesgol","bulori","yelwar"],"simOther":["Pine Warbler"],"wiki":{"text":"The western tanager is a medium-sized American songbird. Formerly placed in the tanager family (Thraupidae), it and other members of its genus are now classified in the cardinal family (Cardinalidae). The species' plumage and vocalizations are similar to other members of the cardinal family.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_tanager"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9919","photos":[{"f":"p/westan-1.webp","w":620,"h":775,"by":"http://www.naturespicsonline.com/","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Tanager_(male).jpg"},{"f":"p/westan-c379360446.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Barry Langdon-Lassagne","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/379360446"},{"f":"p/westan-c506250087.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/506250087"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/westan-c119657426.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"Canyonlands National Park, San Juan County, US-UT, US","inat":"119657426","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/westan-n1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-westerntanager.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-WETAROMO5302017BeaverPonds.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":30,"y":14,"l":"red-orange head"},{"m":1,"x":16,"y":42,"l":"yellow wing bar"}]},{"id":"lazbun","unit":"canyon","pack":"p1","name":"Lazuli Bunting","sci":"Passerina amoena","alpha":"LAZB","len":5.5,"family":"Cardinals and Allies","habitat":"Brushy hillsides, canyon edges, riparian thickets","marks":["Male: turquoise-blue head and back","Orange-cinnamon breast, white belly and wing bars","Female: plain brown with a buffy wash"],"voice":"Bright, scratchy, fast song of paired notes.","mnemonic":"sweet-sweet, chew-chew, sweet-sweet","facts":["Young males create their own songs by stitching together pieces of neighbors' songs.","Named for the deep-blue gemstone lapis lazuli.","Stops partway through fall migration to molt in the monsoon region of Arizona and Mexico."],"months":[0,0,0,0.084,1,0.85,0.614,0.332,0.119,0,0,0.005],"season":"Summer","similar":["westan","yelwar","houfin"],"simOther":["Western Bluebird","Indigo Bunting"],"wiki":{"text":"The lazuli bunting is a North American songbird named for the gemstone lapis lazuli.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazuli_bunting"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/10234","photos":[{"f":"p/lazbun-c189925731.webp","w":720,"h":640,"by":"Pat Farris","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/189925731"},{"f":"p/lazbun-c379802034.webp","w":541,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/379802034"},{"f":"p/lazbun-3.webp","w":720,"h":541,"by":"P Holroyd","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/85037408","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/lazbun-c121129651.mp3","dur":3,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"San Juan County, US-UT, US","inat":"121129651","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/lazbun-c213222435.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"William Harmon","loc":"Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Bountiful, UT, US","inat":"213222435","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":36,"y":22,"l":"turquoise-blue head"},{"m":1,"x":35,"y":33,"l":"cinnamon-orange breast"}]},{"id":"bkhgro","unit":"canyon","pack":"p1","name":"Black-headed Grosbeak","sci":"Pheucticus melanocephalus","alpha":"BHGR","len":7.3,"family":"Cardinals and Allies","habitat":"Canyon woodlands, scrub oak, shady yards","marks":["Male: black head, cinnamon-orange chest and collar","Bold black-and-white wings","Huge pale conical bill"],"voice":"Rich, robin-like song but sweeter and faster; a sharp 'eek' call.","mnemonic":"like a robin that took voice lessons","facts":["One of the few birds that can eat toxic monarch butterflies in their Mexican wintering grounds.","Both males and females sing, and both take turns incubating the eggs.","A summer visitor that often sings from canyon maples and scrub oak."],"months":[0,0,0,0.042,1,0.937,0.631,0.307,0.105,0.022,0,0.014],"season":"Summer","similar":["spotow","bulori","whcspa"],"simOther":["Evening Grosbeak","Varied Thrush"],"wiki":{"text":"The black-headed grosbeak is a medium-sized, seed-eating bird in the family Cardinalidae. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the rose-breasted grosbeak with which it hybridizes on the American Great Plains.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-headed_grosbeak"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/10274","photos":[{"f":"p/bkhgro-c836832.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Bill Bouton","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/836832"},{"f":"p/bkhgro-c473499348.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Dan Vickers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/473499348"},{"f":"p/bkhgro-c359135389.webp","w":720,"h":466,"by":"Richard Crossley","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/359135389"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bkhgro-c169722673.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Dan Horowitz","loc":"Green Valley, CA 91390, USA","inat":"169722673","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/bkhgro-c213222453.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"William Harmon","loc":"Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Bountiful, UT, US","inat":"213222453","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":44,"y":40,"l":"cinnamon-orange chest"},{"m":1,"x":65,"y":42,"l":"black-and-white wings"},{"m":2,"x":37,"y":19,"l":"huge pale bill"}]},{"id":"moublu","unit":"canyon","pack":"p1","name":"Mountain Bluebird","sci":"Sialia currucoides","alpha":"MOBL","len":7,"family":"Thrushes","habitat":"Open country, sagebrush, mountain meadows","marks":["Male: sky-blue all over, paler below","Female: gray-brown with blue wings and tail","Thin bill; often hovers"],"voice":"Soft, short 'few' whistles and quiet warbles.","mnemonic":"a soft, plaintive 'few'","facts":["Hovers above open ground before dropping onto insects.","State bird of Idaho and Nevada.","Its blue comes from the structure of its feathers scattering light, not from pigment.","Readily nests in boxes put up along fences and meadows."],"months":[0.12,0.256,0.947,0.673,0.557,0.952,1,0.539,0.587,0.666,0.175,0.084],"season":"Summer","similar":["wooscj","clanut","rebnut"],"simOther":["Western Bluebird","Pinyon Jay"],"wiki":{"text":"The mountain bluebird is a migratory small thrush that is found in mountainous districts of western North America. It has a light underbelly and black eyes. Adult males have thin bills and are bright turquoise-blue and somewhat lighter underneath. Adult females have duller blue wings and tail, grey breast, grey crown, throat and back. In fresh fall plumage, the female's throat and breast are tinged with red-orange which is brownish near the flank, contrasting with white tail underparts. Their call is a thin 'few' while their song is a warbled high 'chur chur'. The mountain bluebird is the state bird of Idaho and Nevada. This bird is an omnivore and it can live 6 to 10 years in the wild. It eats spiders, grasshoppers, flies and other insects, and small fruits. The mountain bluebird is a relative of the eastern and western bluebirds.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_bluebird"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12936","photos":[{"f":"p/moublu-c262945832.webp","w":720,"h":667,"by":"Roland Godon","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/262945832"},{"f":"p/moublu-c252281350.webp","w":720,"h":562,"by":"Wendy McCrady","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/252281350"},{"f":"p/moublu-3.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/266046432","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/moublu-c107849822.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Richard Littauer","loc":"La Plata County, CO, USA","inat":"107849822","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/moublu-c107142598.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Richard Littauer","loc":"US-160, Mancos, CO, US","inat":"107142598","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":52,"y":46,"l":"sky-blue, paler below"},{"m":2,"x":63,"y":30,"l":"thin black bill"}]},{"id":"mouchi","unit":"canyon","pack":"p1","name":"Mountain Chickadee","sci":"Poecile gambeli","alpha":"MOCH","len":5.3,"family":"Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice","habitat":"Mountain conifers; lower canyons and yards in winter","marks":["Black cap broken by a white eyebrow","Black bib, white cheeks","Gray sides"],"voice":"Three descending whistles; a hoarse version of the chickadee call.","mnemonic":"cheese-bur-ger","facts":["The white eyebrow separates it from the Black-capped Chickadee.","Its song is often remembered as 'cheese-bur-ger.'","Birds from harsher high elevations have shown better spatial memory for finding cached seeds."],"months":[0.552,0.445,0.532,0.236,0.215,0.412,0.599,0.929,0.981,1,0.551,0.57],"season":"Year-round","similar":["bkcchi","houspa","rebnut"],"simOther":["White-breasted Nuthatch"],"wiki":{"text":"The mountain chickadee is a small songbird, a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_chickadee"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/144816","photos":[{"f":"p/mouchi-2.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Ron Knight","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/65250327"},{"f":"p/mouchi-c440491661.webp","w":554,"h":660,"by":"smeckert","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/440491661"},{"f":"p/mouchi-1.webp","w":720,"h":515,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mountain_Chickadee_Sandia_Mountains.jpg"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/mouchi-n1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-mountainchickadee.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-MOCHROMO5252016GemLake.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"},{"f":"a/mouchi-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-mountainchickadee.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-MOCHROMO6242015CubLakeTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":61,"y":31,"l":"white eyebrow stripe"},{"m":1,"x":63,"y":46,"l":"black bib"},{"m":2,"x":45,"y":55,"l":"gray sides"}]},{"id":"bkchum","unit":"canyon","pack":"p1","name":"Black-chinned Hummingbird","sci":"Archilochus alexandri","alpha":"BCHU","len":3.5,"family":"Hummingbirds","habitat":"Riparian canyons, yards with feeders and flowers","marks":["Male: black chin with a thin violet band below","Green above, whitish below","Long straight bill; pumps its tail while hovering"],"voice":"Soft 'tchew' calls; the male's wings make a dull whine.","mnemonic":"tchew · a low wing hum","facts":["The male's violet throat band shows only when light hits it just right.","Weighs about 3 grams — roughly the same as a penny.","Binds its nest with spider silk so it stretches as the chicks grow."],"months":[0.007,0.003,0.011,0.08,0.534,0.679,0.7,1,0.382,0.015,0,0.004],"season":"Summer","similar":["brthum"],"simOther":["Anna's Hummingbird","Ruby-throated Hummingbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The black-chinned hummingbird is a hummingbird occupying a broad range of habitats from deserts to mountain forests and urban areas in the western United States, southern British Columbia, and Mexico. It is migratory, wintering as far south as Mexico. In sunlight, an iridescent purple gorget forming a ring below the black chin feathers is a male characteristic. When in flight and hovering, its wings make a low-pitched humming sound.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-chinned_hummingbird"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/6433","photos":[{"f":"p/bkchum-1.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"lwolfartist","lic":"CC BY 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black-chinned_hummingbird.jpg"},{"f":"p/bkchum-c70004400.webp","w":720,"h":667,"by":"crseaquist","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/70004400"},{"f":"p/bkchum-c216825578.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Shiva Shenoy","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/216825578"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bkchum-c153257015.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Bob Nieman","loc":"Rattlesnake Springs, Eddy County, NM, USA","inat":"153257015","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/bkchum-c41420624.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Bob Nieman","loc":"Eddy County, NM, USA","inat":"41420624","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":48,"y":41.5,"l":"violet throat band"},{"m":1,"x":50,"y":52,"l":"whitish underparts"},{"m":2,"x":30,"y":31,"l":"long straight bill"}]},{"id":"amedip","unit":"canyon","pack":"p1","name":"American Dipper","sci":"Cinclus mexicanus","alpha":"AMDI","len":7.5,"family":"Dippers","habitat":"Rushing mountain streams","marks":["Chunky and slate-gray","Short tail; constantly bobs up and down","White eyelids flash when it blinks"],"voice":"A loud, bubbly song that carries over rushing water; sharp 'dzeet' calls.","mnemonic":"a ringing, wren-like jumble above the rapids","facts":["North America's only truly aquatic songbird — it walks underwater along stream bottoms.","Bobs its whole body up and down, giving it its name.","Stays on open canyon streams all winter, even in deep snow."],"months":[0.547,0.55,0.745,0.376,0.633,0.957,0.492,0.629,0.694,1,0.646,0.572],"season":"Year-round","similar":["eursta","brebla"],"simOther":["Brown Dipper"],"wiki":{"text":"The American dipper, also known as a water ouzel, is a semiaquatic bird species native from North America.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_dipper"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7643","photos":[{"f":"p/amedip-0.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AmericanDipper.jpg"},{"f":"p/amedip-2.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Jared Shorma","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/247681814"},{"f":"p/amedip-c108664780.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/108664780"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/amedip-c244726063.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Spencer Hurt","loc":"Jackson County, CO, USA","inat":"244726063","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":84,"y":54.5,"l":"short tail"},{"m":2,"x":33,"y":21,"l":"white eyelids"}]},{"id":"wesmea","unit":"fields","pack":"p1","name":"Western Meadowlark","sci":"Sturnella neglecta","alpha":"WEME","len":9.5,"family":"New World Blackbirds and Orioles","habitat":"Grasslands, pastures, sagebrush flats","marks":["Bright yellow throat and breast with a black V","Brown streaked back","Long pointed bill; white outer tail feathers"],"voice":"Rich, bubbling, flute-like song; a low 'chuck' call.","mnemonic":"a liquid, tumbling flute song","facts":["State bird of six states — but not Utah.","Its scientific name 'neglecta' notes it was long overlooked as the Eastern Meadowlark.","Despite the name, it is a blackbird, not a lark."],"months":[0.302,0.509,1,0.739,0.505,0.375,0.282,0.136,0.217,0.434,0.26,0.259],"season":"Year-round","similar":["saypho","weskin","eursta"],"simOther":["Chestnut-collared Longspur","Common Poorwill"],"wiki":{"text":"The western meadowlark is a medium-sized icterid bird, about 20 cm (7.9 in) in length. It is found across western and central North America and is a partial migrant, breeding in western Canada and western United States west of the Great Lakes, and in northern Mexico. In the northern half of the breeding range, the birds migrate south for the winter, while further south they are resident all year. The winter range also extends south and southeast of the breeding range, as far as central Mexico, and east to western Florida. The western meadowlark nests on the ground in open grasslands and shrublands. It feeds on bugs and seeds. The western meadowlark has distinctive calls described as watery or flute-like, which distinguish it from the closely related eastern meadowlark. The western meadowlark is the state bird of six states; in Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_meadowlark"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9535","photos":[{"f":"p/wesmea-0.webp","w":720,"h":692,"by":"Cephas","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sturnella_neglecta_GNP_02.jpg"},{"f":"p/wesmea-c615740453.webp","w":480,"h":720,"by":"Romain Boisseau","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/615740453"},{"f":"p/wesmea-c622606756.webp","w":405,"h":720,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/622606756"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/wesmea-c109472909.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Grant Chovil","loc":"Antelope Island State Park, West Bountiful, UT, US","inat":"109472909","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/wesmea-c344060589.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Evan Capgras","loc":"Magna, UT, US","inat":"344060589","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":56.5,"y":35,"l":"black V"},{"m":2,"x":46,"y":18,"l":"long pointed bill"}]},{"id":"rewbla","unit":"fields","pack":"p1","name":"Red-winged Blackbird","sci":"Agelaius phoeniceus","alpha":"RWBL","len":8.5,"family":"New World Blackbirds and Orioles","habitat":"Cattail marshes, ditches, wet fields","marks":["Male: glossy black with red-and-yellow shoulders","Female: heavily streaked brown, sparrow-like","Sharp conical bill"],"voice":"A gurgling 'conk-la-ree!' song; sharp 'check' calls.","mnemonic":"conk-la-reeee!","facts":["Males can hide or flash their red shoulder patches.","One of the most abundant birds in North America.","A single male may have many females nesting in his territory."],"months":[0.228,0.733,0.861,1,0.762,0.536,0.214,0.111,0.18,0.34,0.352,0.247],"season":"Year-round","similar":["eursta","amecro","virrai"],"simOther":["Yellow-winged Blackbird","Brown-headed Cowbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The red-winged blackbird is a passerine bird of the family Icteridae found in most of North America and much of Central America. It breeds from Alaska and Newfoundland south to Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, and Guatemala, with isolated populations in western El Salvador, northwestern Honduras, and northwestern Costa Rica. It may winter as far north as Pennsylvania and British Columbia, but northern populations are generally migratory, moving south to Mexico and the Southern United States.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-winged_blackbird"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9744","photos":[{"f":"p/rewbla-c31553950.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/31553950"},{"f":"p/rewbla-c275637604.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"anonymous","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/275637604"},{"f":"p/rewbla-c354323482.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Matt Felperin","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/354323482"},{"f":"p/rewbla-3.webp","w":720,"h":482,"by":"Rolf Lawrenz","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/12472270","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/rewbla-c361156474.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"eb50","loc":"Matt Knoop Memorial Park, Park City, UT, US","inat":"361156474","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/rewbla-n1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"song","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-redwingedblackbird.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-RWBBROMO5182016MorainePark.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":38.5,"y":41,"l":"red-yellow shoulder patch"},{"m":0,"x":52,"y":46,"l":"glossy black body"},{"m":2,"x":61,"y":31,"l":"sharp conical bill"}]},{"id":"yehbla","unit":"fields","pack":"p1","name":"Yellow-headed Blackbird","sci":"Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus","alpha":"YHBL","len":9.5,"family":"New World Blackbirds and Orioles","habitat":"Deep-water cattail marshes","marks":["Male: black with a bright yellow head and chest","White wing patches in flight","Female: brown with a dull yellow throat"],"voice":"A harsh, strangled buzz like a rusty gate.","mnemonic":"a creaking, rusty-gate screech","facts":["Its song sounds like a rusty farm gate swinging open.","Takes the best deep-water nesting spots, pushing Red-winged Blackbirds to the marsh edges.","A summer resident of marshes around the Great Salt Lake."],"months":[0.005,0.02,0.274,1,0.922,0.794,0.398,0.239,0.075,0.012,0.047,0.028],"season":"Summer","similar":["bulori","rewbla","grtgra"],"simOther":["Brown-and-yellow Marshbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The yellow-headed blackbird is a medium-sized blackbird with a yellow head.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-headed_blackbird"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/10470","photos":[{"f":"p/yehbla-c200080704.webp","w":720,"h":577,"by":"John Krampl","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/200080704"},{"f":"p/yehbla-c549193200.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/549193200"},{"f":"p/yehbla-c41427286.webp","w":604,"h":404,"by":"Katherine Parys","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/41427286"},{"f":"p/yehbla-3.webp","w":720,"h":430,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/367326573","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/yehbla-c365913761.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"David Gorsline","loc":"Farmington, UT 84025, USA","inat":"365913761","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/yehbla-c158068440.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Elana Feldman","loc":"W Forest St, Brigham City, UT, US","inat":"158068440","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":33,"y":22,"l":"bright yellow head"},{"m":0,"x":41,"y":38,"l":"yellow chest"},{"m":0,"x":55,"y":55,"l":"black body"}]},{"id":"killde","unit":"fields","pack":"p1","name":"Killdeer","sci":"Charadrius vociferus","alpha":"KILL","len":10,"family":"Plovers and Lapwings","habitat":"Fields, gravel lots, shorelines, ballparks","marks":["Two black breast bands","Brown back with orange rump in flight","Long legs; runs and stops"],"voice":"Shrill, repeated cries of its own name.","mnemonic":"kill-deer! kill-deer!","facts":["Fakes a broken wing to lure predators away from its nest.","Named for its call.","A shorebird that often nests on gravel driveways, parking lots and rooftops."],"months":[0.19,0.269,0.901,1,0.829,0.82,0.603,0.437,0.42,0.339,0.227,0.132],"season":"Year-round","similar":["norfli","bknsti"],"simOther":["Little Ringed Plover","Common Nighthawk"],"wiki":{"text":"The killdeer is a large plover found in the Americas. Its shrill, two-syllable call is often heard, sounding like \"kill deer\". It was described and given its current scientific name in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae. Three subspecies are described. Its upperparts are mostly brown with rufous fringes, the head has patches of white and black, and two black bands cross the breast. The belly and the rest of the breast are white. The nominate subspecies breeds from southeastern Alaska and southern Canada to Mexico. It is seen year-round in the southern half of its breeding range; the subspecies C. v. ternominatus is resident in the West Indies, and C. v. peruvianus inhabits Peru and surrounding South American countries throughout the year. North American breeders winter from their resident range south to Central America, the West Indies, and the northernmost portions of South America.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killdeer"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4793","photos":[{"f":"p/killde-c275634261.webp","w":700,"h":700,"by":"Eugene Zelenko","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/275634261"},{"f":"p/killde-c133500791.webp","w":720,"h":497,"by":"Troy B","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/133500791"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/killde-c361151961.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"eb50","loc":"Matt Knoop Memorial Park, Park City, UT, US","inat":"361151961","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/killde-c137049817.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Cricket Raspet","loc":"Half Moon Bay, CA, US","inat":"137049817","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":66,"y":38,"l":"two black breast bands"},{"m":1,"x":42,"y":46,"l":"brown back"},{"m":2,"x":53.5,"y":68,"l":"long legs"}]},{"id":"calqua","unit":"fields","pack":"p1","name":"California Quail","sci":"Callipepla californica","alpha":"CAQU","len":10,"family":"New World Quails","habitat":"Brushy yards, farms, riparian thickets","marks":["Plump with a forward-curling black topknot","Male: black face outlined in white","Scaly-patterned belly"],"voice":"A loud three-note rallying call.","mnemonic":"chi-CA-go","facts":["Its rallying call sounds like 'chi-CA-go.'","Introduced to Salt Lake City in 1869; now common across northern Utah.","A covey often posts a lookout on a high perch while the group feeds.","State bird of California."],"months":[0.33,0.357,0.452,0.876,0.812,1,0.779,0.624,0.59,0.372,0.533,0.412],"season":"Year-round","similar":[],"simOther":["Gambel's Quail","Mountain Quail"],"wiki":{"text":"The California quail, also known as the California valley quail or Valley quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family, inhabiting western North America. It is the state bird of California.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_quail"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1409","photos":[{"f":"p/calqua-c242981162.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Sam Kieschnick","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/242981162"},{"f":"p/calqua-c182593108.webp","w":446,"h":720,"by":"Michael Warner","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/182593108"},{"f":"p/calqua-c115151080.webp","w":689,"h":720,"by":"tlaloc27","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/115151080"},{"f":"p/calqua-3.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/347163167","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/calqua-c317165973.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Jacob Moyer","loc":"Okanogan, WA 98840, USA","inat":"317165973","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/calqua-c286544017.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Michael A. Thaibinh","loc":"Point Reyes Station, CA 94956, USA","inat":"286544017","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":80.3,"y":27.3,"l":"curling black topknot"},{"m":1,"x":71.7,"y":34.1,"l":"black face, white outline"},{"m":2,"x":55,"y":62,"l":"scaly-patterned belly"}]},{"id":"weskin","unit":"fields","pack":"p1","name":"Western Kingbird","sci":"Tyrannus verticalis","alpha":"WEKI","len":8.7,"family":"Tyrant Flycatchers","habitat":"Farms, fencelines, open country with trees","marks":["Pale gray head, bright yellow belly","Black tail with white outer edges","Often perched on wires"],"voice":"Sharp 'kip' notes and squeaky, sputtering chatter.","mnemonic":"kip! · a bickering, squeaky chatter","facts":["Fearlessly chases hawks and ravens away from its nest.","Has a hidden red crown patch it rarely shows.","A summer flycatcher of Utah's farms and fencelines."],"months":[0,0,0,0.261,0.988,1,0.956,0.4,0.127,0.007,0,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["saypho","cedwax"],"simOther":["Cassin's Kingbird","Northern Mockingbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The western kingbird is a large tyrant flycatcher found throughout western North America, as far south as Mexico.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_kingbird"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/16791","photos":[{"f":"p/weskin-0.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Bill Bouton","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/123007"},{"f":"p/weskin-c37561636.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Sam Kieschnick","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/37561636"},{"f":"p/weskin-c653051032.webp","w":720,"h":587,"by":"smeckert","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/653051032"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/weskin-c49946774.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Richard Littauer","loc":"East Montpelier, VT, USA","inat":"49946774","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/weskin-c84288709.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Andrew Meeds","loc":"Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA","inat":"84288709","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":45,"y":53,"l":"yellow belly"},{"m":1,"x":28,"y":78,"l":"white tail edges"}]},{"id":"barswa","unit":"fields","pack":"p1","name":"Barn Swallow","sci":"Hirundo rustica","alpha":"BARS","len":6.8,"family":"Swallows and Martins","habitat":"Farms, bridges, open fields and ponds","marks":["Deeply forked tail with long streamers","Steel-blue back","Rusty throat and forehead, buffy belly"],"voice":"Long twittering song with grating rattles; a 'vit' call.","mnemonic":"a cheerful twitter with a 'zzzrt' buzz","facts":["The most widespread swallow in the world.","Builds a mud cup nest under bridges and eaves, one mouthful at a time.","Females tend to prefer males with longer tail streamers."],"months":[0,0.005,0.007,0.324,0.669,0.816,1,0.751,0.3,0.024,0,0.006],"season":"Summer","similar":["cliswa"],"simOther":["Northern Rough-winged Swallow","Bank Swallow"],"wiki":{"text":"The barn swallow is the most widespread species of swallow in the world, occurring on all continents, with vagrants reported even in Antarctica. It is a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts and a long, deeply forked tail. In Anglophone Europe, it is just called the swallow; in northern Europe, it is the only member of family Hirundinidae called a \"swallow\" rather than a \"martin\".","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn_swallow"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/11901","photos":[{"f":"p/barswa-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Andreas Trepte","lic":"CC BY-SA 2.5","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rauchschwalbe_Hirundo_rustica.jpg"},{"f":"p/barswa-1.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Donald Davesne","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/635249690"},{"f":"p/barswa-c8209375.webp","w":676,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/8209375"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/barswa-c89725765.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Eric Schmidt","loc":"Williamstown, WI, USA","inat":"89725765","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/barswa-c175484013.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Whitney Brook Matson","loc":"N Cache St, Jackson, WY, US","inat":"175484013","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":80,"y":80,"l":"tail streamers"},{"m":1,"x":33,"y":37,"l":"steel-blue back"},{"m":2,"x":21,"y":32,"l":"rusty throat"}]},{"id":"calgul","unit":"lake","pack":"p1","name":"California Gull","sci":"Larus californicus","alpha":"CAGU","len":20,"family":"Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers","habitat":"Great Salt Lake, landfills, farm fields, parks","marks":["Medium gull with gray back","Greenish-yellow legs and dark eye","Both a red and a black spot near the bill tip"],"voice":"Squealing, laughing gull calls.","mnemonic":"kyow-kyow-kyow","facts":["Utah's state bird, honored for helping pioneers during the 1848 cricket infestation.","The largest colony of its species ever recorded nests at the Great Salt Lake.","Feeds heavily on brine flies and brine shrimp at the lake.","Has both a red and a black spot near the tip of its bill."],"months":[0.166,0.117,0.176,0.331,0.152,0.245,0.235,0.129,0.091,0.135,1,0.216],"season":"Year-round","similar":["ribgul"],"simOther":["American Herring Gull","Lesser Black-backed Gull"],"wiki":{"text":"The California gull is a medium-sized gull, smaller on average than the herring gull, but larger on average than the ring-billed gull. Although named after California, it can be found annually across most of western North America, from the Canadian prairie provinces in the northeast and south through western Mexico.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_gull"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4385","photos":[{"f":"p/calgul-0.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CaliforniaGull.jpg"},{"f":"p/calgul-c76229701.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/76229701"},{"f":"p/calgul-c206982541.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"P Holroyd","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/206982541"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/calgul-c3380617.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Anne Parsons","loc":"Bay Trail, Sunnyvale, CA, US","inat":"3380617","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/calgul-c170111174.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Anne Parsons","loc":"Shoreline at Mountain View, CA, USA","inat":"170111174","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":45,"y":47,"l":"gray back"},{"m":1,"x":46,"y":77,"l":"greenish-yellow legs"},{"m":2,"x":26,"y":20,"l":"red-and-black spot"}]},{"id":"ameavo","unit":"lake","pack":"p1","name":"American Avocet","sci":"Recurvirostra americana","alpha":"AMAV","len":18,"family":"Stilts and Avocets","habitat":"Shallow salty ponds, mudflats, playas","marks":["Long, thin, upturned bill","Bold black-and-white back","Cinnamon head and neck in breeding season; gray in winter"],"voice":"Loud, piercing 'kleek' alarm calls.","mnemonic":"kleek! kleek!","facts":["Sweeps its upturned bill side to side through shallow water to catch prey.","Its head turns from cinnamon in summer to gray in winter.","Around 250,000 — more than half the world's population — use the Great Salt Lake's wetlands."],"months":[0.043,0.084,0.562,1,0.583,0.585,0.589,0.627,0.925,0.63,0.179,0.036],"season":"Summer","similar":["bknsti","wilpha","wilsni"],"simOther":[],"wiki":{"text":"The American avocet is a large wader in the avocet and stilt family, Recurvirostridae, found in North America. It spends much of its time foraging in shallow water or on mud flats, often sweeping its bill from side to side in water as it seeks crustacean and insect prey.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_avocet"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4885","photos":[{"f":"p/ameavo-c627916544.webp","w":646,"h":720,"by":"John Hibbard","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/627916544"},{"f":"p/ameavo-c237170582.webp","w":720,"h":473,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/237170582"},{"f":"p/ameavo-c611987.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Mike Baird","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/611987"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/ameavo-c362615528.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Liam Steele","loc":"Thompson-Nicola, BC, Canada","inat":"362615528","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/ameavo-c377735656.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"danpatrick","loc":"Walden, CO, US","inat":"377735656","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":36,"y":56,"l":"long thin bill"},{"m":1,"x":70,"y":30,"l":"black-and-white back"},{"m":2,"x":44,"y":40.5,"l":"cinnamon head"}]},{"id":"bknsti","unit":"lake","pack":"p1","name":"Black-necked Stilt","sci":"Himantopus mexicanus","alpha":"BNST","len":14,"family":"Stilts and Avocets","habitat":"Shallow wetlands, salt ponds, flooded fields","marks":["Very long bright pink-red legs","Black above, white below","Needle-thin black bill; white spot above the eye"],"voice":"Sharp yipping calls, like a small dog.","mnemonic":"kek-kek-kek (a yapping puppy)","facts":["Has some of the longest legs for its body size of any bird — second only to flamingos.","Its yipping alarm sounds like a small dog barking.","Wets its belly feathers to cool its eggs on hot days."],"months":[0,0,0.146,0.873,0.85,0.75,0.833,1,0.905,0.059,0.046,0.011],"season":"Summer","similar":["ameavo","killde"],"simOther":["Black-winged Stilt","Black Stilt"],"wiki":{"text":"The black-necked stilt, also called the pied stilt, is a locally abundant shorebird of North and South American wetlands and coastlines. It is found from the coastal areas of California through much of the interior western United States and along the Gulf of Mexico as far east as Florida, then south through Central America and the Caribbean to Brazil, Peru and the Galápagos Islands, with an isolated population, the Hawaiian stilt, in Hawaii. The northernmost populations, particularly those from inland, are migratory, wintering from the extreme south of the United States to southern Mexico, rarely as far south as Costa Rica; on the Baja California peninsula it is only found regularly in winter. Some authorities, including the IUCN, treat it as a synonym of Himantopus himantopus.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-necked_stilt"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4836","photos":[{"f":"p/bknsti-c709618149.webp","w":720,"h":717,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/709618149"},{"f":"p/bknsti-1.webp","w":720,"h":895,"by":"Frank Schulenburg","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black-necked_Stilt_(Himantopus_mexicanus),_Corte_Madera.jpg"},{"f":"p/bknsti-c27203989.webp","w":720,"h":541,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/27203989"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bknsti-c367341784.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Damien Wallace","loc":"Kalanianaole Hwy + Kuliouou Rd, Honolulu, HI 96821, USA","inat":"367341784","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/bknsti-c221724404.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Bob Nieman","loc":"Eddy County, NM, USA","inat":"221724404","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":33,"y":53,"l":"long pink-red legs"},{"m":1,"x":45,"y":28.5,"l":"black above"},{"m":1,"x":45,"y":38,"l":"white below"},{"m":2,"x":88,"y":21.4,"l":"needle-thin black bill"}]},{"id":"amwpel","unit":"lake","pack":"p1","name":"American White Pelican","sci":"Pelecanus erythrorhynchos","alpha":"AWPE","len":62,"family":"Pelicans","habitat":"Great Salt Lake islands; Bear River and Utah Lake for fishing","marks":["Huge white bird","Black flight feathers show in flight","Big orange-yellow bill and pouch"],"voice":"Mostly silent away from the colony; low grunts.","mnemonic":"silent — watch for the 9-foot wingspan","facts":["Has a wingspan of about 9 feet — one of North America's largest birds.","Does not dive; groups herd fish together and scoop them up.","Breeding adults grow a flat 'horn' on the bill that falls off after courtship.","Up to 20,000 breed on Gunnison Island in the Great Salt Lake, then fly to fresh water to fish."],"months":[0.197,0.198,0.44,1,0.918,0.907,0.732,0.706,0.811,0.484,0.12,0.136],"season":"Summer","similar":["mallar","grbher","snoegr"],"simOther":["Ross's Goose","Dalmatian Pelican"],"wiki":{"text":"The American white pelican is a large aquatic soaring bird from the order Pelecaniformes. It breeds in interior North America, moving south and to the coasts, as far as Costa Rica, in winter.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_white_pelican"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4334","photos":[{"f":"p/amwpel-1.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Frank Schulenburg","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/13245919"},{"f":"p/amwpel-2.webp","w":720,"h":514,"by":"Manjith Kainickara","lic":"CC BY-SA 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:American_White_Pelican.jpg"},{"f":"p/amwpel-c628324618.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/628324618"}],"sounds":[],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":62,"y":48,"l":"huge white body"},{"m":2,"x":24,"y":45,"l":"big orange bill"}]},{"id":"whfibi","unit":"lake","pack":"p1","name":"White-faced Ibis","sci":"Plegadis chihi","alpha":"WFIB","len":21,"family":"Ibises and Spoonbills","habitat":"Flooded fields, marshes, wet meadows","marks":["Long downcurved bill","Dark chestnut body with green-purple gloss","Breeding adults have a white border around red facial skin"],"voice":"Low, grunting quacks.","mnemonic":"a nasal 'graa-graa'","facts":["Breeding adults show a thin white border of feathers around the face.","Flies in long lines with neck and legs stretched out.","Utah's Great Salt Lake wetlands support some of the largest colonies anywhere."],"months":[0.147,0.102,0.032,0.743,0.715,0.587,1,0.997,0.55,0.074,0.136,0.108],"season":"Summer","similar":["doccor","bkbmag"],"simOther":["Glossy Ibis","White-faced × Glossy Ibis"],"wiki":{"text":"The white-faced ibis is a wading bird in the ibis family, Threskiornithidae native to the Americas.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-faced_ibis"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3759","photos":[{"f":"p/whfibi-c517969599.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/517969599"},{"f":"p/whfibi-c673940686.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/673940686"},{"f":"p/whfibi-2.webp","w":720,"h":626,"by":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Kahio Tiberio Mazon","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/12180056"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/whfibi-c291829946.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Kathlin Simpkins","loc":"Wreford No. 280, SK, Canada","inat":"291829946","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/whfibi-c230855869.mp3","dur":2,"type":"recording","by":"Tser","loc":"Fernhill Wetlands","inat":"230855869","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":43,"y":25,"l":"long downcurved bill"},{"m":1,"x":58,"y":40,"l":"dark chestnut body"},{"m":2,"x":47,"y":15.5,"l":"white-bordered red face"}]},{"id":"eargre","unit":"lake","pack":"p1","name":"Eared Grebe","sci":"Podiceps nigricollis","alpha":"EAGR","len":12.5,"family":"Grebes","habitat":"Great Salt Lake and salty or marshy ponds","marks":["Breeding: black neck and golden fan of plumes behind a red eye","Winter: gray and white with dusky cheeks","Small, thin bill; fluffy rear end"],"voice":"Mostly quiet; a rising whistle on breeding ponds.","mnemonic":"a soft, rising 'poo-eep'","facts":["Each fall, 1 to 2 million gather on the Great Salt Lake to fatten on brine shrimp.","Can be flightless for 9 to 10 months of the year — longer than almost any other flying bird.","Eats its own feathers, like all grebes.","The most abundant grebe in the world."],"months":[0.846,0.178,0.538,1,0.948,0.474,0.482,0.41,0.635,0.837,0.705,0.22],"season":"Spring to fall","similar":["wesgre","pibgre"],"simOther":["Horned Grebe","Silvery Grebe"],"wiki":{"text":"The black-necked grebe or eared grebe is a member of the grebe family of water birds. It was described in 1831 by Christian Ludwig Brehm. Its breeding plumage features distinctive ochre-coloured feathers which extend behind its eye and over its ear coverts. The rest of the upper parts, including the head, neck, and breast, are coloured black to blackish brown. The flanks are tawny rufous to maroon-chestnut, and the abdomen is white. In its non-breeding plumage, this bird has greyish-black upper parts, including the top of the head and a vertical stripe on the back of the neck. The flanks are also greyish-black. The rest of the body is a white or whitish colour. The juvenile has more brown in its darker areas. This species is present in parts of Africa, Eurasia, and the Americas.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-necked_grebe"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4205","photos":[{"f":"p/eargre-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Andreas Trepte","lic":"CC BY-SA 2.5","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black-necked_Grebe_Schwarzhalstaucher.jpg"},{"f":"p/eargre-c709452292.webp","w":584,"h":592,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/709452292"},{"f":"p/eargre-c112957909.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/112957909"}],"sounds":[],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":34,"y":39,"l":"golden plume fan"},{"m":2,"x":22,"y":43,"l":"small thin bill"}]},{"id":"wilpha","unit":"lake","pack":"p1","name":"Wilson's Phalarope","sci":"Phalaropus tricolor","alpha":"WIPH","len":9,"family":"Sandpipers and Allies","habitat":"Salt ponds, shallow wetlands, Great Salt Lake shorelines","marks":["Needle-thin black bill","Breeding female: gray crown with black-to-cinnamon neck stripe","Spins in circles on the water"],"voice":"Soft, nasal grunts.","mnemonic":"a quiet, nasal 'wurf'","facts":["Females are the more colorful sex and court the males; males incubate and raise the chicks.","Spins in tight circles on the water to pull food up toward the surface.","More than 500,000 — about a third of the world's population — stop at the Great Salt Lake to fatten up before flying to South America."],"months":[0,0,0,0.167,0.481,0.703,1,0.577,0.323,0.062,0,0.015],"season":"Summer","similar":["ameavo"],"simOther":["Red-necked Phalarope","Lesser Yellowlegs"],"wiki":{"text":"Wilson's phalarope is a small wader. This bird, the largest of the phalaropes, breeds in the prairies of North America in western Canada and the western United States. It is migratory, wintering in inland salt lakes near the Andes in Argentina. They are passage migrants through Central America around March/April and again during September/October. The species is a rare vagrant to western Europe.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson's_phalarope"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/144497","photos":[{"f":"p/wilpha-0.webp","w":720,"h":449,"by":"VJAnderson","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wilson%27s_Phalarope,_Oregon_03_(cropped).jpg"},{"f":"p/wilpha-c272729579.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Brent Cox","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/272729579"},{"f":"p/wilpha-c12782137.webp","w":720,"h":503,"by":"Wendy St. John","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/12782137"}],"sounds":[],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":14,"y":37,"l":"needle-thin bill"},{"m":1,"x":31,"y":31,"l":"cinnamon neck stripe"}]},{"id":"mallar","unit":"ponds","pack":"p1","name":"Mallard","sci":"Anas platyrhynchos","alpha":"MALL","len":23,"family":"Ducks, Geese, and Swans","habitat":"Any pond, river, park or ditch","marks":["Male: glossy green head, yellow bill, white neck ring","Female: mottled brown with orange-and-black bill","Blue wing patch bordered in white"],"voice":"The female gives the classic loud, descending quacks; males are raspier and quieter.","mnemonic":"QUACK quack quack quack","facts":["Only the female gives the classic loud quack.","Ancestor of most domestic duck breeds.","A dabbling duck that tips tail-up to feed instead of diving.","The most-observed bird in Utah on iNaturalist (research-grade records)."],"months":[0.684,0.657,0.717,1,0.577,0.467,0.428,0.349,0.433,0.509,0.949,0.973],"season":"Year-round","similar":["gadwal","cangoo"],"simOther":["Muscovy Duck","Pacific Black Duck × Mallard"],"wiki":{"text":"The mallard or wild duck is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout temperate and subtropical North America, Eurasia, and North Africa. It has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the Falkland Islands, and South Africa. Belonging to the subfamily Anatinae of the waterfowl family Anatidae, mallards live in wetlands, eat water plants and small animals, and are social animals preferring to congregate in groups or flocks of varying sizes.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallard"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/6930","photos":[{"f":"p/mallar-0.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"This picture was realized by Richard Bartz by using a Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6 ","lic":"CC BY-SA 2.5","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anas_platyrhynchos_male_female_quadrat.jpg"},{"f":"p/mallar-c94471985.webp","w":720,"h":442,"by":"hedera.baltica","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/94471985"},{"f":"p/mallar-c45796333.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Ron Pasieczna","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/45796333"},{"f":"p/mallar-3.webp","w":720,"h":708,"by":"Robbie Hannawacker","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/14027045","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/mallar-c16238282.mp3","dur":1,"type":"recording","by":"xianning","loc":"Mission Bay, San Diego, CA, USA","inat":"16238282","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/mallar-c273974128.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Alissa Iverson","loc":"Denver, CO, US","inat":"273974128","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":66,"y":34,"l":"glossy green head"},{"m":1,"x":53,"y":23,"l":"orange-and-black bill"},{"m":2,"x":22,"y":42,"l":"blue wing patch"}]},{"id":"cangoo","unit":"ponds","pack":"p1","name":"Canada Goose","sci":"Branta canadensis","alpha":"CANG","len":40,"family":"Ducks, Geese, and Swans","habitat":"Parks, golf courses, lakes, fields","marks":["Black head and long black neck","White chinstrap","Brown body with a pale breast"],"voice":"Loud honking, often from flying flocks.","mnemonic":"ah-HONK!","facts":["Flies in V-formations, saving energy by riding the air off neighbors' wings.","Pairs typically stay together for many years.","Loses its flight feathers each summer and is grounded for about a month."],"months":[0.586,0.746,0.755,1,0.495,0.253,0.254,0.14,0.188,0.295,0.593,0.696],"season":"Year-round","similar":["mallar","turvul","doccor"],"simOther":["Cackling Goose"],"wiki":{"text":"The Canada goose is a large species of goose with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. It is native to the Arctic and temperate regions of North America, and it is occasionally found during migration across the Atlantic in northern Europe. It has been introduced to France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia, New Zealand, Japan, Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. Like most geese, the Canada goose is primarily herbivorous and normally migratory; often found on or close to fresh water, the Canada goose is also common in brackish marshes, estuaries, and lagoons.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_goose"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7089","photos":[{"f":"p/cangoo-c606089370.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Tser","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/606089370"},{"f":"p/cangoo-c624611475.webp","w":540,"h":720,"by":"Meghan Waldon","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/624611475"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/cangoo-c267981225.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Damien Wallace","loc":"Salt Lake City, UT 84105, USA","inat":"267981225","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/cangoo-n1.mp3","dur":3,"type":"recording","by":"NPS Natural Sounds","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/sound/sounds-canada-geese.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/nri/avElement/nri-CanadaGoose.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/sound/gallery.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":24,"y":33,"l":"long black neck"},{"m":1,"x":21,"y":19,"l":"white chinstrap"},{"m":2,"x":45,"y":48,"l":"brown body"}]},{"id":"grbher","unit":"ponds","pack":"p1","name":"Great Blue Heron","sci":"Ardea herodias","alpha":"GBHE","len":46,"family":"Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","habitat":"Ponds, rivers, marshes, flooded fields","marks":["Very tall and gray-blue","Dagger-like yellowish bill","Black stripe above the eye; flies with neck tucked in an S"],"voice":"A deep, harsh croak when flushed.","mnemonic":"frahnk!","facts":["Flies with its neck folded in an S-curve — cranes fly with necks straight.","Weighs only about 5 to 6 pounds despite its height, thanks partly to hollow bones.","Nests in colonies, often high in cottonwoods."],"months":[1,0.96,0.802,0.823,0.713,0.71,0.721,0.78,0.839,0.708,0.609,0.686],"season":"Year-round","similar":["sancra","bcnher","osprey"],"simOther":["Grey Heron"],"wiki":{"text":"The great blue heron is a large wading bird in the heron family (Ardeidae), common near shores of open water and wetlands over most of North and Central America, as well as Northwestern South America, the Caribbean, and the Galápagos Islands. It is occasionally found in the Azores and is a rare vagrant to Europe. An all-white population found in South Florida, the Florida Keys, and the Caribbean islands, is known as the great white heron. Debate exists about whether these white birds are a color morph of the great blue heron, a subspecies of it, or an entirely separate species.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_blue_heron"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4956","photos":[{"f":"p/grbher-c452211592.webp","w":480,"h":720,"by":"Basar","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/452211592"},{"f":"p/grbher-c620065684.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/620065684"},{"f":"p/grbher-c507422703.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Michael J. Papay","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/507422703"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/grbher-c92046509.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Aimee Lusty","loc":"Springs, NY 11937, USA","inat":"92046509","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/grbher-c324940466.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Mallory F","loc":"Big Creek Lake, Polk City, IA, US","inat":"324940466","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":45,"y":62,"l":"tall gray-blue body"},{"m":1,"x":70,"y":14.5,"l":"dagger-like yellow bill"},{"m":2,"x":55,"y":12.3,"l":"black eye stripe"}]},{"id":"amecoo","unit":"ponds","pack":"p1","name":"American Coot","sci":"Fulica americana","alpha":"AMCO","len":15.5,"family":"Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","habitat":"Ponds, marshes, park lakes","marks":["Charcoal-black and chicken-shaped","White bill and forehead shield","Red eye; lobed green toes"],"voice":"Grunts, clucks, and cackling calls.","mnemonic":"puhk-lik, puhk-lik","facts":["Not a duck at all — it's related to rails and cranes.","Has lobed toes instead of webbed feet.","Runs across the water's surface, flapping, to take off."],"months":[1,0.765,0.86,0.738,0.308,0.339,0.297,0.341,0.354,0.466,0.895,0.933],"season":"Year-round","similar":["mallar","cangoo","eargre"],"simOther":["Eurasian Coot","Slate-colored Coot"],"wiki":{"text":"The American coot, also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes that fold back with each step to facilitate walking on dry land. Coots live near water, typically inhabiting wetlands and open water bodies in North America. Groups of coots are called covers or rafts. The oldest known coot lived to be 22 years old.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_coot"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/473","photos":[{"f":"p/amecoo-c111377710.webp","w":720,"h":541,"by":"lejones417","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/111377710"},{"f":"p/amecoo-c470459015.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Justin Flint","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/470459015"},{"f":"p/amecoo-c359337818.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Gavin Slater","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/359337818"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/amecoo-c40339205.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Thomas Koffel","loc":"Douglas County, KS, USA","inat":"40339205","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/amecoo-c249284188.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Tero Linjama","loc":"Flowing Wells, Tucson, AZ, Yhdysvallat","inat":"249284188","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":45,"y":40,"l":"charcoal-black body"},{"m":1,"x":85.5,"y":25,"l":"white bill and shield"},{"m":2,"x":21.5,"y":72,"l":"lobed toes"}]},{"id":"cintea","unit":"ponds","pack":"p1","name":"Cinnamon Teal","sci":"Spatula cyanoptera","alpha":"CITE","len":16,"family":"Ducks, Geese, and Swans","habitat":"Shallow marshes and ponds","marks":["Male: deep cinnamon-red body and red eye","Female: mottled brown","Pale blue forewing patch in flight; long bill"],"voice":"Male gives a soft chatter; the female quacks.","mnemonic":"a quiet rattling chatter","facts":["The male's cinnamon body and red eye make it unmistakable.","Unusual among ducks, it has separate breeding populations in North and South America.","The Great Salt Lake's marshes are considered its most important breeding ground in North America."],"months":[0.225,0.497,1,0.981,0.711,0.345,0.131,0.102,0.128,0.094,0.142,0.136],"season":"Summer","similar":["mallar","doccor","norsho"],"simOther":["Blue-winged Teal","Redhead"],"wiki":{"text":"The cinnamon teal is a species of duck found in western North and South America. It is a small dabbling duck, with bright reddish plumage on the male and duller brown plumage on the female. It lives in marshes and ponds, and feeds mostly on plants.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_teal"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/558434","photos":[{"f":"p/cintea-c465358584.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Dan Vickers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/465358584"},{"f":"p/cintea-c243751137.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Cricket Raspet","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/243751137"},{"f":"p/cintea-c77811914.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/77811914"},{"f":"p/cintea-3.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Oscar Dove","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/298532107","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":48,"y":53,"l":"deep cinnamon body"},{"m":0,"x":60.3,"y":45,"l":"red eye"},{"m":2,"x":65,"y":47.5,"l":"long dark bill"}]},{"id":"sancra","unit":"ponds","pack":"p1","name":"Sandhill Crane","sci":"Antigone canadensis","alpha":"SACR","len":44,"family":"Cranes","habitat":"Wet meadows, farm fields, Cache Valley","marks":["Tall gray body with a red crown","Neck held straight in flight","Feathery 'bustle' over the tail"],"voice":"A loud, rolling, bugling call that carries for miles.","mnemonic":"garoo-oo-oo (rolling bugle)","facts":["Paints its gray feathers rusty-brown by preening with iron-rich mud.","Flies with its neck stretched straight out — unlike herons.","Pairs perform leaping, wing-flapping dances.","Its long windpipe coils inside the breastbone, helping its call carry for miles."],"months":[0.145,0.306,1,0.638,0.563,0.621,0.494,0.524,0.466,0.278,0.166,0.126],"season":"Summer","similar":["grbher","wesowl","cangoo"],"simOther":["Whooping Crane","Marbled Duck"],"wiki":{"text":"The sandhill crane is a species of large crane of North America and extreme northeastern Siberia. The common name of this bird refers to its habitat, such as the Platte River, on the edge of Nebraska's Sandhills on the American Great Plains. Sandhill cranes are known to frequent the edges of bodies of water. The central Platte River Valley in Nebraska is the most important stopover area for the nominotypical subspecies, the lesser sandhill crane (A. c. canadensis), with up to 450,000 of these birds migrating through annually.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhill_crane"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/508048","photos":[{"f":"p/sancra-c195969728.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/195969728"},{"f":"p/sancra-c747231503.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"sofi v","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/747231503"},{"f":"p/sancra-c597742602.webp","w":719,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/597742602"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/sancra-c279397043.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jared Shorma","loc":"Brown Ln, Woodruff, UT, US","inat":"279397043","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/sancra-c165417150.mp3","dur":3,"type":"recording","by":"John Williams","loc":"Summit County, US-UT, US","inat":"165417150","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":53.5,"y":16,"l":"red crown"},{"m":1,"x":51.5,"y":27,"l":"neck held straight"},{"m":2,"x":36,"y":49,"l":"feathery bustle"}]},{"id":"rethaw","unit":"raptors","pack":"p1","name":"Red-tailed Hawk","sci":"Buteo jamaicensis","alpha":"RTHA","len":20,"family":"Hawks, Eagles, and Kites","habitat":"Open country, highways, farms, foothills","marks":["Brick-red tail on adults","Pale chest with a dark belly band","Dark bar on the leading edge of the underwing"],"voice":"A raspy, descending scream.","mnemonic":"kee-eeeee-arrr","facts":["Its scream is the raptor sound used in movies — often dubbed over eagles.","Often perches on light poles along highways, watching for rodents.","The most common hawk in North America.","Its plumage ranges from very pale to almost entirely dark."],"months":[1,0.833,0.585,0.29,0.244,0.306,0.419,0.367,0.642,0.863,0.822,0.865],"season":"Year-round","similar":["swahaw","coohaw","goleag"],"simOther":["Rough-legged Hawk","Ferruginous Hawk"],"wiki":{"text":"The red-tailed hawk is a bird of prey and one of the most common hawks in North America. In the United States, it is one of three species colloquially known as the \"chickenhawk\". The red-tailed hawk breeds throughout most of the continent, from western Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies. The red-tailed hawk occupies a wide range of habitats and altitudes, including deserts, grasslands, coniferous and deciduous forests, agricultural fields, and urban areas. It is absent in areas of unbroken forest and in the high arctic. It is legally protected in Canada, Mexico, and the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/5212","photos":[{"f":"p/rethaw-2.webp","w":720,"h":567,"by":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Claude Lyneis","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/319785046"},{"f":"p/rethaw-c55307530.webp","w":685,"h":720,"by":"Catherine C. Galley","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/55307530"},{"f":"p/rethaw-c288952947.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Rajan Rao","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/288952947"},{"f":"p/rethaw-3.webp","w":720,"h":697,"by":"Roland Godon","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/164338726","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/rethaw-c289189909.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Dan Horowitz","loc":"Hidden Valley, CA 91361, USA","inat":"289189909","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/rethaw-c263900408.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Nonbinary-Naturalist","loc":"Windsor Forest, Savannah, GA, USA","inat":"263900408","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":43.2,"y":55.6,"l":"dark belly band"},{"m":2,"x":47.4,"y":44.1,"l":"dark leading-edge bar"}]},{"id":"amekes","unit":"raptors","pack":"p1","name":"American Kestrel","sci":"Falco sparverius","alpha":"AMKE","len":10,"family":"Falcons and Caracaras","habitat":"Open country, fields, wires along roads","marks":["Small falcon with two black facial stripes","Rusty back and tail","Male has blue-gray wings"],"voice":"Shrill, rapid 'klee' calls.","mnemonic":"klee-klee-klee","facts":["North America's smallest falcon.","Hovers in place facing into the wind while hunting.","Has dark 'false eyes' on the back of its head.","Nests in tree cavities, old woodpecker holes and nest boxes."],"months":[1,0.841,0.46,0.302,0.21,0.221,0.18,0.274,0.392,0.418,0.562,0.788],"season":"Year-round","similar":["rethaw","swahaw","coohaw"],"simOther":["Prairie Falcon"],"wiki":{"text":"The American kestrel is the smallest and most common falcon in the Americas. Though it has been called the American \"sparrow hawk\", this now obsolete vernacular name is a misnomer; the American kestrel is a true falcon, while neither the Eurasian sparrowhawk nor the other species called sparrowhawks are in the family Falconidae, hence only very distantly related to the American kestrel. It has a roughly two-to-one range in size over subspecies and sex, varying in size from about the weight of a blue jay to a mourning dove. It is a very successful species, occurring almost throughout North and South America except for the Arctic fringes of North America, and the densest tropical Amazon rainforest areas; it has evolved into 17 subspecies adapted to different environments and habitats throughout the region. It exhibits sexual dimorphism in size and plumage, although both sexes have a rufous back with noticeable barring. Its plumage is colorful, and juveniles are similar in plumage to adults.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_kestrel"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4665","photos":[{"f":"p/amekes-c294205280.webp","w":720,"h":457,"by":"River Ahlquist","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/294205280"},{"f":"p/amekes-c211639190.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/211639190"},{"f":"p/amekes-c180143049.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/180143049"},{"f":"p/amekes-3.webp","w":720,"h":617,"by":"Paul","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/160447123","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/amekes-c100324241.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jennifer Rycenga","loc":"San Bruno Mountain State Park, South San Francisco, CA, US","inat":"100324241","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/amekes-c108263336.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Alessandro Franchini","loc":"La Sierra, Riverside, CA, USA","inat":"108263336","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":77.5,"y":26,"l":"black face stripes"},{"m":1,"x":62,"y":19.5,"l":"rusty back"},{"m":2,"x":50,"y":27,"l":"blue-gray wings"}]},{"id":"baleag","unit":"raptors","pack":"p1","name":"Bald Eagle","sci":"Haliaeetus leucocephalus","alpha":"BAEA","len":32,"family":"Hawks, Eagles, and Kites","habitat":"Reservoirs, rivers, Great Salt Lake marshes in winter","marks":["Adult: dark brown body, white head and tail","Huge yellow hooked bill","Young birds mottled brown and white"],"voice":"Weak, high, giggling whistles.","mnemonic":"a thin, chirping giggle","facts":["Its real call is a high, giggling whistle — movies usually dub in a Red-tailed Hawk.","Takes about five years to get its white head and tail.","Hundreds gather in northern Utah each winter; Farmington Bay is a famous viewing spot.","Builds the largest nests of any North American bird."],"months":[0.943,1,0.377,0.043,0.047,0.07,0.11,0.149,0.115,0.113,0.241,0.7],"season":"Winter","similar":["goleag","rethaw","comrav"],"simOther":["Black Vulture"],"wiki":{"text":"The bald eagle is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle, which occupies the same niche as the bald eagle in the Palearctic. Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for nesting.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bald_eagle"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/5305","photos":[{"f":"p/baleag-c339495354.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Matt Felperin","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/339495354"},{"f":"p/baleag-c344203688.webp","w":720,"h":482,"by":"Millie Basden","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/344203688"},{"f":"p/baleag-c615146379.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/615146379"},{"f":"p/baleag-3.webp","w":720,"h":766,"by":"Wendy McCrady","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/199791397","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/baleag-c339186324.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Robert Brewer","loc":"Bridgeton, NJ 08302, USA","inat":"339186324","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/baleag-c70365997.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Dawn Ellner","loc":"Santa Margarita Lake, Santa Margarita, CA, US","inat":"70365997","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":42.7,"y":45.5,"l":"white head"},{"m":0,"x":60,"y":46,"l":"white tail"},{"m":1,"x":40.2,"y":42.8,"l":"huge yellow bill"}]},{"id":"grhowl","unit":"raptors","pack":"p1","name":"Great Horned Owl","sci":"Bubo virginianus","alpha":"GHOW","len":22,"family":"Typical Owls","habitat":"Canyons, cottonwood groves, city parks","marks":["Large owl with feathery ear tufts","Yellow eyes and a white throat patch","Mottled gray-brown with a barred belly"],"voice":"Deep, soft hoots in a rhythmic pattern.","mnemonic":"hoo-h'HOO-hoo-hoo","facts":["One of the earliest nesters — Utah pairs may lay eggs in January or February.","Its 'horns' are just feather tufts, not ears.","Its grip takes about 28 pounds of force to open.","Regularly eats skunks — it has a poor sense of smell."],"months":[0.814,0.842,0.714,0.635,0.673,0.705,0.607,0.802,0.843,1,0.728,0.565],"season":"Year-round","similar":["wesowl","rethaw","norhar"],"simOther":["Long-eared Owl","American Barn Owl"],"wiki":{"text":"The great horned owl, also known as the tiger owl or the hoot owl, is a large owl native to the Americas. It is an extremely adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas. Its diet consists primarily of rabbits and hares, rats and mice, and voles; it remains one of the few regular predators of skunk. Hunting also includes rodents, larger mid-sized mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/20044","photos":[{"f":"p/grhowl-0.webp","w":720,"h":900,"by":"Greg Hume","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bubo_virginianus_06.jpg"},{"f":"p/grhowl-c601205359.webp","w":720,"h":704,"by":"Nelson Balcar","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/601205359"},{"f":"p/grhowl-c427724222.webp","w":496,"h":720,"by":"Michael Warner","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/427724222"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/grhowl-c313013465.mp3","dur":1,"type":"recording","by":"John Williams","loc":"Pleasant Grove, UT, USA","inat":"313013465","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/grhowl-c85575777.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Hunter Hickok","loc":"Draper, UT, US","inat":"85575777","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":28,"y":21,"l":"feathery ear tufts"},{"m":1,"x":37,"y":38,"l":"yellow eyes"}]},{"id":"turvul","unit":"raptors","pack":"p1","name":"Turkey Vulture","sci":"Cathartes aura","alpha":"TUVU","len":27,"family":"New World Vultures","habitat":"Over foothills, canyons and farmland in summer","marks":["Small bare red head","Dark brown-black body","Two-toned wings held in a shallow V; teeters in flight"],"voice":"Nearly silent; hisses and grunts at close range.","mnemonic":"silent — watch for the wobbling V","facts":["Finds carrion by smell — one of the keenest noses of any bird.","Soars with its wings in a shallow V and rocks from side to side.","Vomits on purpose when threatened to drive predators off.","Cools off by squirting its liquid droppings onto its own legs."],"months":[0,0,0.338,0.684,0.493,0.711,0.658,0.774,1,0.156,0.015,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["cangoo","comrav","rethaw"],"simOther":["California Condor","Black Vulture"],"wiki":{"text":"The turkey vulture is the most widespread of the New World vultures. One of three species in the genus Cathartes of the family Cathartidae, the turkey vulture ranges from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America. It inhabits a variety of open and semi-open areas, including subtropical forests, shrublands, pastures, and deserts.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_vulture"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4756","photos":[{"f":"p/turvul-0.webp","w":720,"h":555,"by":"Seig","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/52277010"},{"f":"p/turvul-1.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Peterwchen","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/287511108"},{"f":"p/turvul-2.webp","w":720,"h":1080,"by":"Charles J. Sharp","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turkey_vulture_(Cathartes_aura)_Orange_Walk.jpg"}],"sounds":[],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":66,"y":31,"l":"bare red head"}]},{"id":"rocpig","unit":"town2","pack":"p2","name":"Rock Pigeon","sci":"Columba livia","alpha":"ROPI","len":13,"family":"Pigeons and Doves","habitat":"Cities, bridges, farms, canyon cliffs","marks":["Chunky with a small head","Two black bars across gray wings","Iridescent green-purple neck; colors vary widely"],"voice":"Soft, throaty, gurgling coos.","mnemonic":"a rolling 'coo-roo-coo'","facts":["Descends from wild cliff-nesting birds — city buildings stand in for cliffs.","Brought to North America by European settlers in the early 1600s.","Its homing skill has carried messages for thousands of years, including in both World Wars.","Feeds its young 'crop milk' and can breed in any month of the year."],"months":[0.548,0.901,0.92,1,0.511,0.475,0.589,0.545,0.576,0.671,0.965,0.993],"season":"Year-round","similar":["eucdov","moudov","eursta"],"simOther":["American Barn Owl"],"wiki":{"text":"The rock dove, also known as the common pigeon or rock pigeon, is a member of the bird family Columbidae. In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the \"pigeon\", although the rock dove is the wild form of the bird; the pigeons familiar to most people are the domesticated forms of the wild rock dove.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_dove"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3017","photos":[{"f":"p/rocpig-0.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"william_stephens","lic":"CC BY 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Columba_livia_(Rock_Dove,_wild),_Duncansby_Head,_Caithness,_Scotland_1.jpg"},{"f":"p/rocpig-c548119077.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"criminy","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/548119077"},{"f":"p/rocpig-c66637915.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Andrew Bazdyrev","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/66637915"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/rocpig-c59278950.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Richard Littauer","loc":"Montpelier, VT 05602, USA","inat":"59278950","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/rocpig-c83170525.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Eli T.","loc":"West Boylston, MA, US","inat":"83170525","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":64,"y":58,"l":"black wing bars"},{"m":2,"x":46,"y":39,"l":"iridescent neck"}]},{"id":"amecro","unit":"town2","pack":"p2","name":"American Crow","sci":"Corvus brachyrhynchos","alpha":"AMCR","len":17.5,"family":"Crows, Jays, and Magpies","habitat":"Towns, parks, farm fields, river corridors","marks":["All black, smaller than a raven","Square or fan-shaped tail in flight","Slimmer bill, no shaggy throat"],"voice":"The classic loud, cawing call.","mnemonic":"caw! caw! caw!","facts":["Can recognize individual human faces and remember people who threatened it.","Families stay together, and young from earlier years help raise new nestlings.","Gathers in winter roosts that can hold thousands of birds.","Its tail looks squared off in flight, unlike a raven's wedge."],"months":[0.803,1,0.844,0.379,0.402,0.483,0.397,0.431,0.475,0.647,0.741,0.679],"season":"Year-round","similar":["comrav","eursta","rewbla"],"simOther":["Fish Crow"],"wiki":{"text":"The American crow is a large passerine bird species of the family Corvidae. It is a common bird found throughout much of North America, only absent from the tundra biome. The American crow is the New World counterpart to the carrion crow and the hooded crow of Eurasia, occupying similar ecological niches.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_crow"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/8021","photos":[{"f":"p/amecro-1.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Gordon Leggett","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/97752362"},{"f":"p/amecro-2.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Wikimedia Commons","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corvus-brachyrhynchos-001.jpg"},{"f":"p/amecro-c676914088.webp","w":720,"h":718,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/676914088"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/amecro-c407135551.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"bluefeathers","loc":"Juneau, AK, USA","inat":"407135551","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/amecro-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-americancrow.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-AMCRROMO6242015CubLakeTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":42,"y":45,"l":"all-black plumage"},{"m":2,"x":12.5,"y":19.5,"l":"slim black bill"}]},{"id":"coohaw","unit":"town2","pack":"p2","name":"Cooper's Hawk","sci":"Astur cooperii","alpha":"COHA","len":16.5,"family":"Hawks, Eagles, and Kites","habitat":"Neighborhoods, woodlands, backyard feeders","marks":["Blue-gray back and rusty-barred chest (adults)","Long, rounded tail with dark bands","Flap-flap-glide flight; red-orange eyes"],"voice":"A harsh, rapid 'cak-cak-cak' near the nest.","mnemonic":"cak-cak-cak-cak","facts":["Ambushes songbirds and doves at backyard feeders with fast, low flights.","Skeleton studies found many had healed chest fractures from high-speed chases through branches.","Females are much bigger than males, often about 40% heavier.","Often confused with the smaller Sharp-shinned Hawk; look for a rounded tail tip and bigger head."],"months":[0.505,0.555,0.511,0.434,0.228,0.323,0.803,1,0.699,0.573,0.56,0.578],"season":"Year-round","similar":["rethaw","norhar"],"simOther":["Sharp-shinned Hawk","American Goshawk"],"wiki":{"text":"Cooper's hawk is a medium-sized hawk native to the North American continent and found from southern Canada to Mexico. This species was formerly placed in the genus Accipiter.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper's_hawk"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1579017","photos":[{"f":"p/coohaw-0.webp","w":720,"h":545,"by":"Mykola Swarnyk","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Accipiter_cooperii_m_Sam_Smith_Toronto3.jpg"},{"f":"p/coohaw-c177067258.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Richard Littauer","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/177067258"},{"f":"p/coohaw-c43282408.webp","w":720,"h":432,"by":"Becky Matsubara","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/43282408"},{"f":"p/coohaw-3.webp","w":720,"h":882,"by":"Robbie Hannawacker","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16716187","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/coohaw-c50989142.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"John Williams","loc":"Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Lindon, UT, US","inat":"50989142","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/coohaw-c81713322.mp3","dur":4,"type":"recording","by":"Linzy L.","loc":"Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, USA","inat":"81713322","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":65,"y":45,"l":"rusty-barred chest"},{"m":2,"x":80,"y":30,"l":"red-orange eye"}]},{"id":"amegfi","unit":"town2","pack":"p2","name":"American Goldfinch","sci":"Spinus tristis","alpha":"AMGO","len":5,"family":"Finches, Euphonias, and Allies","habitat":"Weedy fields, thistle patches, feeders, riparian edges","marks":["Breeding male bright yellow with a black cap","Black wings with white bars","Winter birds dull olive-brown"],"voice":"Long twittering song; a bouncy four-note flight call.","mnemonic":"po-ta-to-chip!","facts":["Its flight call sounds like 'po-ta-to-chip.'","One of the strictest vegetarians among birds, eating almost only seeds.","Nests late in summer, when thistles provide seed and nest-lining fluff.","Molts twice a year: the bright yellow male turns olive-brown for winter."],"months":[0.712,0.475,0.389,0.475,0.378,0.454,0.335,0.664,0.3,0.571,1,0.775],"season":"Year-round","similar":["lesgol","westan","ruckin"],"simOther":["Wilson's Warbler"],"wiki":{"text":"The American goldfinch is a small North American bird in the finch family. It is migratory, ranging from mid-Alberta to North Carolina during the breeding season, and from just south of the Canada–United States border to Mexico during the winter.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_goldfinch"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145310","photos":[{"f":"p/amegfi-0.webp","w":720,"h":581,"by":"Rodney Campbell","lic":"CC BY 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carduelis_tristis_-Michigan,_USA_-male-8.jpg"},{"f":"p/amegfi-1.webp","w":720,"h":616,"by":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Glenn Berry","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/84579952"},{"f":"p/amegfi-c84579956.webp","w":560,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/84579956"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/amegfi-c92166985.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Nathan G","loc":"Harvest Hills, Saratoga Springs, UT 84045, USA","inat":"92166985","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/amegfi-c133139648.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Philip K.","loc":"Central Lawrenceville, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","inat":"133139648","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":64,"y":13,"l":"black cap"},{"m":1,"x":37,"y":46,"l":"white wing bars"}]},{"id":"pinsis","unit":"town2","pack":"p2","name":"Pine Siskin","sci":"Spinus pinus","alpha":"PISI","len":4.75,"family":"Finches, Euphonias, and Allies","habitat":"Conifers, feeders (numbers vary year to year)","marks":["Small, streaky brown finch","Thin, sharply pointed bill","Yellow edges in wings and tail"],"voice":"A rising, buzzy wheeze among twittering notes.","mnemonic":"zreeeeee (like a zipper)","facts":["Its call is a rising, buzzy 'zreeee' like a zipper being pulled.","Numbers swing wildly from year to year as it wanders after conifer seed crops.","Can stash seeds weighing up to a tenth of its body weight in its crop, a pouch in its throat, to fuel cold nights.","Shows flashes of yellow in its wings and tail when it flies."],"months":[0.984,0.41,0.534,0.399,0.628,0.409,1,0.667,0.416,0.511,0.278,0.285],"season":"Year-round","similar":["houfin","lesgol","ruckin"],"simOther":["Cassin's Finch","Green-tailed Towhee"],"wiki":{"text":"The pine siskin is a North American bird in the finch family. It is a migratory bird with an extremely sporadic winter range.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_siskin"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145304","photos":[{"f":"p/pinsis-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Cephas","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carduelis_pinus_CT7.jpg"},{"f":"p/pinsis-1.webp","w":720,"h":545,"by":"Cephas","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/13823002"},{"f":"p/pinsis-c339619490.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/339619490"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/pinsis-c72265088.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Andy Kleinhesselink","loc":"Claremont, CA 91711, USA","inat":"72265088","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/pinsis-n3.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-pinesiskin.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-PISIROMO682016SunValleyTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":54,"y":32,"l":"thin pointed bill"},{"m":2,"x":30,"y":62,"l":"yellow wing edges"}]},{"id":"bushti","unit":"town2","pack":"p2","name":"Bushtit","sci":"Psaltriparus minimus","alpha":"BUSH","len":4.5,"family":"Long-tailed Tits and Bushtits","habitat":"Scrub oak, juniper, shrubby yards","marks":["Tiny gray bird with a long tail","Brownish cheek patch (interior birds)","Females have pale eyes; males dark"],"voice":"Constant soft twittering contact notes.","mnemonic":"tsit-tsit-tsit (a busy flock)","facts":["Weaves a hanging, sock-like nest of moss, lichen and spider silk up to a foot long.","Moves through shrubs in chattering flocks of a dozen or more.","Flock members huddle together on cold nights to stay warm.","Females have pale yellow eyes; males' eyes are dark."],"months":[0.253,0.09,0.427,0.32,0.238,0.268,0.152,0.292,0.441,1,0.714,0.585],"season":"Year-round","similar":["wooscj","houspa","bulori"],"simOther":["Juniper Titmouse"],"wiki":{"text":"The American bushtit, or simply bushtit, is a social songbird belonging to the monotypic genus Psaltriparus. It is one of the smallest passerines in North America and it is the only species in the family Aegithalidae found in the Americas; the other eleven species occur in Eurasia.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_bushtit"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7266","photos":[{"f":"p/bushti-0.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BushtitMale.jpg"},{"f":"p/bushti-1.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Becky Matsubara","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/107086461"},{"f":"p/bushti-c179041049.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/179041049"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bushti-c114034659.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Joshua Morris","loc":"Seattle, WA 98102, USA","inat":"114034659","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/bushti-c128321619.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Sam Beaumont","loc":"Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, US","inat":"128321619","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":2,"x":38,"y":18,"l":"dark eye (male)"}]},{"id":"yerwar","unit":"thicket","pack":"p2","name":"Yellow-rumped Warbler","sci":"Setophaga coronata","alpha":"YRWA","len":5.25,"family":"New World Warblers","habitat":"Mountain conifers in summer; riparian trees and berry bushes in winter","marks":["Bright yellow rump patch","Yellow patches on the sides","Western birds have a yellow throat"],"voice":"A loose, warbling trill; a sharp 'chek' call.","mnemonic":"a sweet, rambling trill · chek!","facts":["Nicknamed 'butter-butt' for its yellow rump.","One of the few warblers that regularly spends the winter in northern Utah.","Western birds have a yellow throat; eastern birds have a white one.","Catches insects in midair and also eats berries — unusually flexible for a warbler."],"months":[0.767,0.576,0.514,0.564,0.703,0.297,0.329,0.468,0.875,1,0.441,0.517],"season":"Year-round","similar":["lesgol","ruckin","houfin"],"simOther":["Grace's Warbler","Virginia's Warbler"],"wiki":{"text":"The yellow-rumped warbler is a North American bird species that can be commonly observed all across the continent. Its extensive range connects both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the U.S. as well as Canada and Central America, with the population concentrated in the continent's northern reaches during the breeding season and migrating southwards to southern North and Central America in the winter. It generally prefers coniferous forests or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests as its breeding habitat, while during the winter it can be found inhabiting more open areas such as shrublands that offer food resources. The yellow-rumped warbler is primarily insectivorous, though the species eats fruit such as juniper berries, especially in winter.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-rumped_warbler"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/145245","photos":[{"f":"p/yerwar-c592547395.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Dan Vickers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/592547395"},{"f":"p/yerwar-c668050487.webp","w":720,"h":643,"by":"Brooke J.","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/668050487"},{"f":"p/yerwar-1.webp","w":720,"h":571,"by":"Rhododendrites","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow-rumped_warbler_singing_(41612)_(cropped).jpg"},{"f":"p/yerwar-c408742214.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Matt Felperin","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/408742214"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/yerwar-c80556558.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"San Juan County, US-UT, US","inat":"80556558","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/yerwar-c13166024.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Mirko Schoenitz","loc":"Oxford County, ME, USA","inat":"13166024","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":61.1,"y":30.8,"l":"yellow rump patch"},{"m":1,"x":46.5,"y":32.2,"l":"yellow side patch"}]},{"id":"yelwar","unit":"thicket","pack":"p2","name":"Northern Yellow Warbler","sci":"Setophaga aestiva","alpha":"YEWA","len":5,"family":"New World Warblers","habitat":"Willows and cottonwoods along streams","marks":["Egg-yolk yellow all over","Males have rusty streaks on the breast","Beady black eye on a plain face"],"voice":"A bright, fast, sweet song.","mnemonic":"sweet-sweet-sweet, I'm so sweet!","facts":["Its song is remembered as 'sweet, sweet, sweet, I'm so sweet.'","When a cowbird lays an egg in its nest, it often builds a new floor on top, burying the egg.","The male's yellow breast is streaked with rusty red.","Many field guides still list it simply as Yellow Warbler; eBird and All About Birds now call it Northern Yellow Warbler."],"months":[0,0,0.004,0.164,1,0.98,0.396,0.598,0.184,0.008,0,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["westan","lesgol"],"simOther":["Orange-crowned Warbler","Wilson's Warbler"],"wiki":{"text":"The American yellow warbler, also known as the northern yellow warbler, is a New World warbler. It is a widespread migratory species in the diverse genus Setophaga, that breeds in most parts of North America. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the non-migratory mangrove warbler.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_yellow_warbler"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1188207","photos":[{"f":"p/yelwar-0.webp","w":720,"h":538,"by":"Rhododendrites","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_warbler_(82905).jpg"},{"f":"p/yelwar-c339455453.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/339455453"},{"f":"p/yelwar-c467336338.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Michael Newlon","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/467336338"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/yelwar-c210074356.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Jacqueline Raiford","loc":"Carroll Pkwy, Frederick, MD, US","inat":"210074356","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/yelwar-c117768207.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"Grand County, US-UT, US","inat":"117768207","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":58,"y":51,"l":"rusty breast streaks"},{"m":2,"x":68,"y":40,"l":"beady black eye"}]},{"id":"bulori","unit":"thicket","pack":"p2","name":"Bullock's Oriole","sci":"Icterus bullockii","alpha":"BUOR","len":7,"family":"New World Blackbirds and Orioles","habitat":"Cottonwoods along rivers, shade trees, orchards","marks":["Male: bright orange face and belly, black eyeline and throat","Large white wing patch","Female: gray body with yellow-orange head and tail"],"voice":"Rich whistles mixed with chatter; a dry rattle.","mnemonic":"a whistled jumble ending in a rattle","facts":["Weaves a hanging, pouch-like nest of plant fibers and horsehair.","Was once lumped with the Baltimore Oriole as one species, the 'Northern Oriole.'","Pierces ripe fruit to drink the juice and visits hummingbird feeders.","The male has a black line through the eye and a big white wing patch."],"months":[0.032,0.038,0.026,0.072,1,0.837,0.355,0.138,0.019,0,0.015,0.029],"season":"Summer","similar":["westan","yehbla","bkhgro"],"simOther":["Verdin","Bullock's × Baltimore Oriole"],"wiki":{"text":"Bullock's oriole is a small New World blackbird. At one time, this species and the Baltimore oriole were considered to be a single species, the northern oriole. This bird is named after William Bullock, an English amateur naturalist.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullock's_oriole"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9357","photos":[{"f":"p/bulori-0.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Kevin Cole from Pacific Coast, USA (en:User:Kevinlcole)","lic":"CC BY 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bullock%27s_Oriole.jpg"},{"f":"p/bulori-c362382882.webp","w":720,"h":487,"by":"Millie Basden","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/362382882"},{"f":"p/bulori-c77492478.webp","w":720,"h":559,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/77492478"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bulori-c272304596.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Chia/Ma'ayan (they/them)","loc":"Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA","inat":"272304596","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/bulori-c21583531.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jennifer Rycenga","loc":"Diablo Foothills","inat":"21583531","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":28,"y":28,"l":"black eyeline"},{"m":1,"x":45,"y":40,"l":"white wing patch"}]},{"id":"houwre","unit":"thicket","pack":"p2","name":"Northern House Wren","sci":"Troglodytes aedon","alpha":"HOWR","len":4.75,"family":"Wrens","habitat":"Shrubby yards, aspen groves, cottonwoods, nest boxes","marks":["Small, plain brown","Finely barred tail, often cocked up","Faint pale eyebrow"],"voice":"A bubbly, cascading, rattling song sung almost nonstop.","mnemonic":"a tumbling, bubbling cascade","facts":["Males stuff several nest holes with twigs, and the female picks one to finish.","Sometimes pecks holes in the eggs of other birds nesting nearby.","Adds spider egg sacs to its nest; the hatching spiders may eat nest parasites.","A summer visitor that sings from dawn to dusk."],"months":[0,0,0.051,0.327,0.833,1,0.699,0.541,0.455,0.091,0.044,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["houspa","rocwre"],"simOther":["Winter Wren","Pacific Wren"],"wiki":{"text":"The northern house wren is a very small passerine in the wren family Troglodytidae. It is found in southern Canada, the USA and Mexico. It occurs in most suburban areas in its range. It formerly included many subspecies resident in South America and in the Caribbean that are now considered as separate species. The name troglodytes means \"hole dweller\", and is a reference to the bird's tendency to disappear into crevices when hunting insects or to seek shelter.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_house_wren"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7562","photos":[{"f":"p/houwre-c493055236.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Corey Farwell","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/493055236"},{"f":"p/houwre-c126078030.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/126078030"},{"f":"p/houwre-c568068002.webp","w":540,"h":720,"by":"Irina Mitine","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/568068002"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/houwre-c212207697.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Carrie Seltzer","loc":"Maple Ave, Takoma Park, MD, US","inat":"212207697","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/houwre-c216639009.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Alaina Krakowiak","loc":"Roanoke city County, US-VA, US","inat":"216639009","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":45,"y":48,"l":"plain brown body"},{"m":1,"x":33.5,"y":73,"l":"barred cocked tail"},{"m":2,"x":51.5,"y":31,"l":"faint pale eyebrow"}]},{"id":"ruckin","unit":"thicket","pack":"p2","name":"Ruby-crowned Kinglet","sci":"Corthylio calendula","alpha":"RCKI","len":4,"family":"Kinglets","habitat":"Mountain conifers in summer; lowland trees in migration and winter","marks":["Tiny and olive-gray","Broken white eye-ring and white wing bar","Constantly flicks its wings"],"voice":"A surprisingly loud, rollicking song; a scolding 'ji-dit'.","mnemonic":"a loud, rising tumble · ji-dit","facts":["The male's ruby crown patch usually stays hidden until he is excited.","Constantly flicks its wings as it forages.","Can lay a dozen eggs — a clutch that may weigh as much as the female.","Its song is astonishingly loud for a bird that weighs about a quarter of an ounce."],"months":[0.616,0.449,0.445,0.486,0.177,0.089,0.098,0.165,0.446,1,0.631,0.731],"season":"Year-round","similar":["amegfi","pinsis","yerwar"],"simOther":["Western Warbling Vireo","Virginia's Warbler"],"wiki":{"text":"The ruby-crowned kinglet is a very small passerine bird found throughout North America. It is a member of the kinglet family. The bird has olive-green plumage with two white wing bars and a white eye-ring. Males have a red crown patch, which is often concealed. The sexes are identical apart from the crown, and juveniles are similar in plumage to adult females. It is one of the smallest songbirds in North America. The ruby-crowned kinglet is not closely related to other kinglets and was moved from Regulus to its own genus, Corthylio, in 2021. Three subspecies are currently recognized.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby-crowned_kinglet"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1289388","photos":[{"f":"p/ruckin-c609964505.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/609964505"},{"f":"p/ruckin-c176519083.webp","w":720,"h":718,"by":"Nell Cant","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/176519083"},{"f":"p/ruckin-c60807214.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/60807214"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/ruckin-n1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"song","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-rubycrownedkinglet.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-RCKIROMO6102015FernLakeTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"},{"f":"a/ruckin-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"song","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-rubycrownedkinglet.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-RCKI2ROMO672017MillCreekBasin.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":45,"y":38,"l":"olive-gray back"},{"m":1,"x":38.8,"y":34.4,"l":"broken white eye-ring"},{"m":1,"x":44,"y":47.5,"l":"white wing bar"}]},{"id":"chispa","unit":"thicket","pack":"p2","name":"Chipping Sparrow","sci":"Spizella passerina","alpha":"CHSP","len":5.5,"family":"New World Sparrows","habitat":"Open woods, parks, lawns with scattered trees","marks":["Bright rusty cap","Black line through the eye under a white eyebrow","Clean gray breast"],"voice":"A dry, rapid trill on one pitch, like a sewing machine.","mnemonic":"a dry, mechanical trill","facts":["Its song is a dry trill often mistaken for an insect.","Lines its nest with animal hair, including horsehair.","Its rusty cap fades to brown in winter.","A common summer sparrow of Utah's parks and open woodlands."],"months":[0,0.009,0.006,0.162,0.831,0.618,1,0.657,0.631,0.216,0.011,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["houspa","whcspa"],"simOther":["Brewer's Sparrow","Vesper Sparrow"],"wiki":{"text":"The chipping sparrow is a species of New World sparrow, a passerine bird in the family Passerellidae. It is widespread, fairly tame, and common across most of its North American range.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipping_sparrow"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9135","photos":[{"f":"p/chispa-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Mdf, Edited by Fir0002","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spizella-passerina-015_edit.jpg"},{"f":"p/chispa-2.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Peter Chen 2.0","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/252212101"},{"f":"p/chispa-c198992636.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/198992636"},{"f":"p/chispa-3.webp","w":720,"h":618,"by":"Wendy McCrady","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/303585845","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/chispa-c83421258.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"Manti-La Sal National Forest, Monticello, UT, US","inat":"83421258","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/chispa-c350052293.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Mark Apgar","loc":"Windsor, CT 06095, USA","inat":"350052293","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":37,"y":22,"l":"rusty cap"},{"m":1,"x":41.5,"y":28.5,"l":"black eye-line"},{"m":2,"x":31,"y":48,"l":"gray breast"}]},{"id":"brthum","unit":"forest","pack":"p2","name":"Broad-tailed Hummingbird","sci":"Selasphorus platycercus","alpha":"BTLH","len":3.5,"family":"Hummingbirds","habitat":"Mountain meadows, aspen and conifer forests","marks":["Male: rose-magenta throat","Green back, pale belly with buffy sides","Female: rufous at the base of the tail"],"voice":"The male's wings make a loud, metallic trill in flight.","mnemonic":"a cricket-like wing trill","facts":["Males' wingtips make a loud metallic trill — you often hear them before you see them.","Survives freezing mountain nights by entering torpor, slowing its heartbeat and cooling down.","Males perform high, U-shaped dive displays.","The common hummingbird of Utah's mountains in summer."],"months":[0,0,0.02,0.145,0.368,0.694,1,0.911,0.405,0,0,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["bkchum"],"simOther":["Rufous Hummingbird","Calliope Hummingbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The broad-tailed hummingbird is a medium-sized hummingbird species found in highland regions from western United States and Western Canada to Mexico and Guatemala.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-tailed_hummingbird"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/6369","photos":[{"f":"p/brthum-1.webp","w":720,"h":648,"by":"Michelle Lynn Reynolds","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Male_Broad-tailed_Hummingbird_1.jpg"},{"f":"p/brthum-c442732855.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Dan Vickers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/442732855"},{"f":"p/brthum-c52072513.webp","w":677,"h":720,"by":"Catherine C. Galley","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/52072513"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/brthum-c242750112.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jonathan Layman","loc":"Larimer County, CO, USA","inat":"242750112","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/brthum-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-broadtailedhummingbird.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-BTAHROMO5252016CowCreekTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":46,"y":31,"l":"rose-magenta throat"},{"m":1,"x":54,"y":47,"l":"green back"}]},{"id":"rebnut","unit":"forest","pack":"p2","name":"Red-breasted Nuthatch","sci":"Sitta canadensis","alpha":"RBNU","len":4.5,"family":"Nuthatches","habitat":"Conifer forests; feeders in winter","marks":["Black eye-line under a white eyebrow","Rusty-cinnamon underparts","Climbs headfirst down trunks"],"voice":"A nasal call like a tiny toy horn.","mnemonic":"yank, yank, yank","facts":["Its nasal call sounds like a tiny tin horn.","Smears sticky conifer resin around its nest entrance, likely to keep predators out.","Climbs down tree trunks headfirst.","Eavesdrops on chickadee alarm calls to learn about predators."],"months":[0.924,0.584,0.588,0.399,0.259,0.287,0.338,0.847,0.974,1,0.541,0.561],"season":"Year-round","similar":["mouchi","amerob","moublu"],"simOther":["Pygmy Nuthatch"],"wiki":{"text":"The red-breasted nuthatch is a small songbird. The adult has blue-grey upperparts with cinnamon underparts, a white throat and face with a black stripe through the eyes, a straight grey bill and a black crown. Its call, which has been likened to a tin trumpet, is high-pitched and nasal. It breeds in coniferous forests across Canada, Alaska and the northeastern and western United States. Though often a permanent resident, it regularly irrupts further south if its food supply fails. There are records of vagrants occurring as far south as the Gulf Coast and northern Mexico. It forages on the trunks and large branches of trees, often descending head first, sometimes catching insects in flight. It eats mainly insects and seeds, especially from conifers. It excavates its nest in dead wood, often close to the ground, smearing the entrance with pitch.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-breasted_nuthatch"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/14823","photos":[{"f":"p/rebnut-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Becky Matsubara from El Sobrante, California","lic":"CC BY 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red-breasted_Nuthatch_(48859254972).jpg"},{"f":"p/rebnut-c366961489.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Matt Felperin","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/366961489"},{"f":"p/rebnut-c357296396.webp","w":720,"h":497,"by":"Benny Albro","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/357296396"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/rebnut-cw0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Mdf","loc":"A Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) at Sandbanks Provincial Park, Ontario","commons":"File:Sitta-canadensis-002.ogg","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASitta-canadensis-002.ogg","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"},{"f":"a/rebnut-cw2.mp3","dur":3,"type":"recording","by":"Jonathon Jongsma","loc":"Species Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Recordist Jonathon Jongsma Rema","commons":"File:Sitta canadensis - Red-breasted Nuthatch - XC104516.ogg","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ASitta_canadensis_-_Red-breasted_Nuthatch_-_XC104516.ogg","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":49,"y":35,"l":"black eye-line"},{"m":1,"x":55,"y":58,"l":"rusty underparts"}]},{"id":"haiwoo","unit":"forest","pack":"p2","name":"Hairy Woodpecker","sci":"Dryobates villosus","alpha":"HAWO","len":9,"family":"Woodpeckers","habitat":"Mature forests, burned areas, neighborhood trees","marks":["Black and white with a white back stripe","Long, chisel bill nearly as long as its head","Clean white outer tail feathers"],"voice":"A loud, sharp 'peek!' and a long rattle.","mnemonic":"PEEK! · a ringing rattle","facts":["Its bill is nearly as long as its head — the key difference from the look-alike Downy.","Flocks to recently burned forests to feed on wood-boring beetle larvae.","Its call is a sharp, loud 'peek!'","Lives year-round from mountain forests down to valley neighborhoods."],"months":[0.601,0.275,0.473,0.35,0.446,0.586,1,0.752,0.623,0.882,0.626,0.353],"season":"Year-round","similar":["dowwoo","rensap","norfli"],"simOther":["American Three-toed Woodpecker"],"wiki":{"text":"The hairy woodpecker is a medium-sized woodpecker that is found over a large area of North America. It is approximately 250 mm (9.8 in) in length with a 380 mm (15 in) wingspan. With an estimated population in 2020 of almost nine million individuals, the hairy woodpecker is listed by the IUCN as a species of least concern. The species was previously placed in the genus Dryobates.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_woodpecker"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1651487","photos":[{"f":"p/haiwoo-c248588440.webp","w":720,"h":557,"by":"Blake Ross","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/248588440"},{"f":"p/haiwoo-c27384547.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"CK2AZ","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/27384547"},{"f":"p/haiwoo-c691012138.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"yongestation","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/691012138"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/haiwoo-n0.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-hairywoodpecker.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-HAWOROMO5302017UpperBeaverMeadows.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"},{"f":"a/haiwoo-n1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-hairywoodpecker.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-HAWOROMO5292017CubLakeTrail.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":61.1,"y":53.9,"l":"black-and-white pattern"},{"m":1,"x":52.8,"y":20.1,"l":"long chisel bill"},{"m":2,"x":69,"y":86.2,"l":"white outer tail"}]},{"id":"clanut","unit":"forest","pack":"p2","name":"Clark's Nutcracker","sci":"Nucifraga columbiana","alpha":"CLNU","len":12,"family":"Crows, Jays, and Magpies","habitat":"High-elevation conifers, limber and whitebark pine","marks":["Pale gray body","Black wings with white patches; white outer tail","Long, sharp black bill"],"voice":"A harsh, grating, drawn-out call.","mnemonic":"kraaa-kraaa","facts":["Hides tens of thousands of pine seeds each fall and finds many again months later, even under snow.","Carries seeds in a pouch under its tongue.","Named for William Clark of the Lewis and Clark expedition.","Seeds it never recovers grow into new pines, making it a key partner of whitebark pine."],"months":[0.228,0.251,0.274,0.217,0.282,0.453,0.916,1,0.914,0.737,0.361,0.489],"season":"Year-round","similar":["moublu","towsol","amerob"],"simOther":["Canada Jay","Eastern Kingbird"],"wiki":{"text":"Clark's nutcracker, also known as Clark's crow, is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae, native to the mountains of western North America. The nutcracker is an omnivore, but subsists mainly on pine nuts, burying seeds in the ground in the late summer and fall, and then retrieving them in the winter and spring by memory. The bird was described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition, with William Clark first observing it in 1805 along the banks of the Salmon River, a tributary of the Columbia River.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark's_nutcracker"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/8520","photos":[{"f":"p/clanut-c221873397.webp","w":638,"h":720,"by":"Michael, Antoni and Nihat Hinczewski","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/221873397"},{"f":"p/clanut-c404662479.webp","w":676,"h":720,"by":"Irina Mitine","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/404662479"},{"f":"p/clanut-c78565.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Sally","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/78565"},{"f":"p/clanut-c332142441.webp","w":720,"h":482,"by":"Millie Basden","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/332142441"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/clanut-c310388419.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Spooner","loc":"Rio Arriba County, US-NM, US","inat":"310388419","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/clanut-c108682298.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Tim Messick","loc":"Mono County, CA, USA","inat":"108682298","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":50.2,"y":44.4,"l":"pale gray body"},{"m":1,"x":47.8,"y":53.1,"l":"white wing patches"},{"m":2,"x":36.1,"y":38.2,"l":"long black bill"}]},{"id":"rensap","unit":"forest","pack":"p2","name":"Red-naped Sapsucker","sci":"Sphyrapicus nuchalis","alpha":"RNSA","len":8.5,"family":"Woodpeckers","habitat":"Aspen groves and streamside forests","marks":["Red forehead and red patch on the nape","Bold black-and-white face stripes","Long white stripe on the folded wing"],"voice":"Mewing calls; drumming that slows into an irregular stutter.","mnemonic":"a stuttering, Morse-code drum","facts":["Drills neat rows of wells in bark and returns to lap up the sap.","Hummingbirds and other birds drink from its sap wells.","Its drumming starts fast and breaks into an irregular, Morse-code stutter.","Has a brush-tipped tongue for lapping sap."],"months":[0.489,0.159,0.228,0.178,0.083,0.383,0.418,0.242,0.534,1,0.437,0.2],"season":"Summer","similar":["haiwoo"],"simOther":["Yellow-bellied Sapsucker","Red-breasted × Red-naped Sapsucker"],"wiki":{"text":"The red-naped sapsucker is a medium-sized North American woodpecker. Long thought to be a subspecies of the yellow-bellied sapsucker, it is now known to be a distinct species.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-naped_sapsucker"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/18467","photos":[{"f":"p/rensap-2.webp","w":720,"h":900,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RedNapedSapsucker.jpg"},{"f":"p/rensap-c169179259.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/169179259"},{"f":"p/rensap-c475463206.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"k7hpn","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/475463206"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/rensap-c168421546.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"wweellll","loc":"Whatcom County, WA, USA","inat":"168421546","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/rensap-c168649783.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Whitney Brook Matson","loc":"S Gros Ventre St, Jackson, WY, US","inat":"168649783","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":40.5,"y":17.8,"l":"red crown"},{"m":1,"x":40.3,"y":24,"l":"black-white face stripes"},{"m":2,"x":60.4,"y":40,"l":"white wing stripe"}]},{"id":"towsol","unit":"forest","pack":"p2","name":"Townsend's Solitaire","sci":"Myadestes townsendi","alpha":"TOSO","len":8.5,"family":"Thrushes","habitat":"Mountain forests in summer; juniper slopes in winter","marks":["Slim gray thrush","Bold white eye-ring","Buffy wing patches and white outer tail feathers"],"voice":"A long, rich, warbling song; a single whistled note in winter.","mnemonic":"a clear, piping 'heeh'","facts":["Defends winter territories around juniper trees to guard its berry supply.","Sings in winter as well as summer, which is unusual for a songbird.","A thrush related to bluebirds and robins.","Often nests on the ground in a cut bank or road cut."],"months":[0.804,0.771,0.606,0.24,0.177,0.233,0.286,0.211,0.592,1,0.652,0.558],"season":"Year-round","similar":["daejun","ruckin","houfin"],"simOther":["American Pipit"],"wiki":{"text":"Townsend's solitaire is a medium-sized thrush, the only solitaire native to America north of Mexico.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsend's_solitaire"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12951","photos":[{"f":"p/towsol-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TownsendsSolitaire.jpg"},{"f":"p/towsol-c348185304.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Spencer Hurt","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/348185304"},{"f":"p/towsol-c99902918.webp","w":720,"h":410,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/99902918"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/towsol-c294197742.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"David Anderson","loc":"Mt Hood, OR 97041, USA","inat":"294197742","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/towsol-c314609857.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Robbie Hannawacker","loc":"Right Hand Canyon Rd, Cedar City, UT, US","inat":"314609857","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":36.5,"y":23.5,"l":"white eye-ring"},{"m":2,"x":59,"y":51,"l":"buffy wing patch"}]},{"id":"saypho","unit":"sage","pack":"p2","name":"Say's Phoebe","sci":"Sayornis saya","alpha":"SAPH","len":7,"family":"Tyrant Flycatchers","habitat":"Open dry country, barns, ranches","marks":["Gray-brown back","Cinnamon-peach belly","Black tail it often dips and fans"],"voice":"A soft, plaintive, down-slurred whistle.","mnemonic":"pee-urr","facts":["One of the earliest spring migrants to return to the West.","Nests on ledges of barns, bridges and buildings.","Named for Thomas Say, an early American naturalist.","Dips and fans its tail while perched."],"months":[0.289,0.219,0.778,0.694,0.708,1,0.654,0.616,0.467,0.306,0.203,0.268],"season":"Summer","similar":["weskin","eursta","amerob"],"simOther":["Ash-throated Flycatcher","Abert's Towhee"],"wiki":{"text":"Say's phoebe is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family, Tyrannidae. A common bird across western North America, it prefers dry, desolate areas. It was named for Thomas Say, an American naturalist.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say's_phoebe"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/17009","photos":[{"f":"p/saypho-c247011480.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Peter Chen 2.0","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/247011480"},{"f":"p/saypho-1.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Cephas","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sayornis_saya_GNP_01.jpg"},{"f":"p/saypho-c161068192.webp","w":720,"h":470,"by":"Michael Warner","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/161068192"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/saypho-c359092979.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Indio Brown","loc":"Vernal, UT 84078, USA","inat":"359092979","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/saypho-c212889821.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Aaron Roe","loc":"Canyon Point, UT 84741, USA","inat":"212889821","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":42,"y":35,"l":"gray-brown back"},{"m":1,"x":40,"y":55,"l":"cinnamon-peach belly"},{"m":2,"x":85,"y":88,"l":"black tail"}]},{"id":"horlar","unit":"sage","pack":"p2","name":"Horned Lark","sci":"Eremophila alpestris","alpha":"HOLA","len":7,"family":"Larks","habitat":"Barren fields, sagebrush flats, salt flats","marks":["Tiny black 'horns' (feather tufts)","Black mask and chest band","Yellow-white face"],"voice":"A high, tinkling song often given in flight.","mnemonic":"tsee-titi, a tinkling jingle","facts":["North America's only native lark.","Males sing high in the air, then plunge toward the ground.","Prefers the barest ground it can find — even plowed fields and salt flats.","Its 'horns' are feather tufts it can raise or flatten."],"months":[0.488,1,0.636,0.533,0.703,0.591,0.648,0.347,0.278,0.351,0.181,0.365],"season":"Year-round","similar":[],"simOther":["American Pipit"],"wiki":{"text":"The horned lark or shore lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae found across the northern hemisphere. It is known as \"horned lark\" in North America for distinctive feathers on the heads of the male birds in summer, and as \"shore lark\" in Europe because it can be found on shorelines in the winter.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horned_lark"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7294","photos":[{"f":"p/horlar-0.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Stephan Sprinz","lic":"CC BY 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Horned_lark_(eremophila_alpestris)_01.jpg"},{"f":"p/horlar-c183478476.webp","w":720,"h":613,"by":"Pat Farris","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/183478476"},{"f":"p/horlar-c13123251.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Laura Gaudette","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/13123251"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/horlar-c268989605.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Samantha Heller","loc":"Van Buren, AR 72956, USA","inat":"268989605","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/horlar-c73834480.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Philip Stepnowski","loc":"Lansing, MI 48911, USA","inat":"73834480","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":56,"y":38,"l":"black chest band"},{"m":2,"x":54,"y":30,"l":"yellow-white face"}]},{"id":"rocwre","unit":"sage","pack":"p2","name":"Rock Wren","sci":"Salpinctes obsoletus","alpha":"ROWR","len":6,"family":"Wrens","habitat":"Rocky slopes, canyons, talus","marks":["Grayish-brown with fine pale speckles","Buffy tips on the tail","Bobs on rocks"],"voice":"Varied, repeated phrases and ringing trills.","mnemonic":"tee-er, tee-er, tee-er","facts":["Lays a 'paved' path of small flat stones leading to its nest crevice.","A single male may sing more than 100 different song types.","Bobs up and down on boulders.","A summer bird of Utah's canyons and rocky slopes."],"months":[0.374,0.309,0.535,0.591,0.63,0.835,0.732,0.851,1,0.756,0.417,0.336],"season":"Summer","similar":["sagthr","amerob","marwre"],"simOther":["Bewick's Wren","Cactus Wren"],"wiki":{"text":"The rock wren is a small songbird of the wren family native to the rocky areas of western North America. There are 8 subspecies of the rock wren, one of which is extinct. They are similar in size to other wrens, with a grey-brown coat, a brown rump, and a speckled white throat.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_wren"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7486","photos":[{"f":"p/rocwre-0.webp","w":720,"h":515,"by":"Polinova","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RockWren.jpg"},{"f":"p/rocwre-c354468505.webp","w":720,"h":707,"by":"desertnaturalist","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/354468505"},{"f":"p/rocwre-c155700682.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"James M. Maley","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/155700682"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/rocwre-c81662885.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Eric Johnson","loc":"Vasquez Rocks Natural Area, Agua Dulce, CA, USA","inat":"81662885","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/rocwre-c218765600.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Navin Sasikumar","loc":"Lakeway City Park, 502 Hurst Creek Rd, Lakeway, TX 78734, USA","inat":"218765600","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":52,"y":46,"l":"pale speckles"}]},{"id":"sagthr","unit":"sage","pack":"p2","name":"Sage Thrasher","sci":"Oreoscoptes montanus","alpha":"SATH","len":8.5,"family":"Mockingbirds and Thrashers","habitat":"Sagebrush flats","marks":["Gray-brown with a streaked breast","Yellow eye","Short bill for a thrasher"],"voice":"A long, continuous, warbling song.","mnemonic":"a run-on warble that goes on and on","facts":["The smallest thrasher in North America.","Depends on sagebrush and nests in or under the bushes.","Its rambling song can last for minutes.","Recognizes cowbird eggs and throws them out of its nest."],"months":[0,0,0.135,0.42,0.299,0.197,0.391,0.793,1,0.299,0.019,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["houfin","amerob","yerwar"],"simOther":["Brown Thrasher","Northern Mockingbird"],"wiki":{"text":"The sage thrasher is a medium-sized passerine bird in the family Mimidae. It is the only species in the genus Oreoscoptes and the smallest of the thrashers. It is found in the regions of western North America, breeding from the Great Basin to southern British Columbia, and migrates south to southern United States and northern Mexico for winter. Sage thrashers are commonly found in shrubsteppe habitat and are strongly associated with sagebrush for which it relies on for nesting.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_thrasher"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/15045","photos":[{"f":"p/sagthr-1.webp","w":720,"h":900,"by":"Becky Matsubara from El Sobrante, California","lic":"CC BY 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sage_Thrasher_(34123631044).jpg"},{"f":"p/sagthr-c741263276.webp","w":480,"h":720,"by":"Henry Stiles","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/741263276"},{"f":"p/sagthr-c350938112.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/350938112"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/sagthr-c234026289.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jonathan Layman","loc":"Larimer County, CO, USA","inat":"234026289","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/sagthr-c230018700.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Dillon Alexander","loc":"Tres Piedras, NM 87577, USA","inat":"230018700","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":73,"y":47,"l":"streaked breast"},{"m":1,"x":66.8,"y":24,"l":"yellow eye"},{"m":2,"x":54,"y":24.2,"l":"short bill"}]},{"id":"logshr","unit":"sage","pack":"p2","name":"Loggerhead Shrike","sci":"Lanius ludovicianus","alpha":"LOSH","len":9,"family":"Shrikes","habitat":"Open country with fences, shrubs and wires","marks":["Gray with a black mask that meets above the bill","Hooked bill","Black wings with a white patch"],"voice":"Harsh, squeaky, repeated phrases.","mnemonic":"a creaky 'queedle-queedle'","facts":["A songbird that hunts like a raptor and impales prey on thorns or barbed wire.","Can impale toxic grasshoppers and wait days for the toxins to break down before eating them.","Its black mask meets above its hooked bill.","Has declined sharply across North America."],"months":[0.41,0.37,0.376,0.443,0.388,0.425,0.424,1,0.465,0.537,0.743,0.401],"season":"Year-round","similar":[],"simOther":["Northern Shrike","Olive-sided Flycatcher"],"wiki":{"text":"The loggerhead shrike is a passerine bird in the family Laniidae. It is the only member of the shrike family endemic to North America; the related northern shrike occurs north of its range; however, it is also found in Siberia. It is nicknamed the butcherbird after its carnivorous tendencies, as it consumes prey such as insects, amphibians, lizards, small mammals and small birds, and some prey end up displayed and stored at a site, for example in a tree. Due to its small size and weak talons, this predatory bird relies on impaling its prey upon thorns or barbed wire for facilitated consumption. The numbers of loggerhead shrike have significantly decreased in recent years, especially in Midwestern, New England and Mid-Atlantic areas.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loggerhead_shrike"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/12024","photos":[{"f":"p/logshr-0.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"JeffreyGammon","lic":"CC BY 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shrike_Loggerhead_JG.jpg"},{"f":"p/logshr-c72406733.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/72406733"},{"f":"p/logshr-c107945353.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"ncb1221","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/107945353"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/logshr-c297584615.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Reanne (\"Bean\") Dunn","loc":"Pompano Beach, FL 33064, USA","inat":"297584615","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/logshr-c66950491.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Brad Banner","loc":"County Road 350, Merkel, Taylor County, TX, USA","inat":"66950491","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":43,"y":12,"l":"black mask"},{"m":1,"x":29,"y":12,"l":"hooked bill"},{"m":2,"x":42,"y":43,"l":"white wing patch"}]},{"id":"chukar","unit":"sage","pack":"p2","name":"Chukar","sci":"Alectoris chukar","alpha":"CHUK","len":14,"family":"Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies","habitat":"Steep, rocky, grassy slopes and canyons","marks":["Gray-buff partridge","Bold black necklace through the eye","Red bill and legs; barred flanks"],"voice":"A loud, accelerating series of clucks.","mnemonic":"chuck-chuck-chukar","facts":["Introduced from Asia as a game bird; it thrives on Utah's rocky slopes.","Chicks run up steep slopes while flapping their wings for extra grip.","Named for its call.","The national bird of Pakistan."],"months":[0.28,0.729,1,0.6,0.657,0.503,0.46,0.597,0.563,0.81,0.428,0.227],"season":"Year-round","similar":["calqua"],"simOther":["Gambel's Quail","Dusky Grouse"],"wiki":{"text":"The chukar partridge, or simply chukar, is a Palearctic upland gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae. It has been considered to form a superspecies complex along with the rock partridge, Philby's partridge and Przevalski's partridge and treated in the past as conspecific particularly with the first. This partridge has well-marked black and white bars on the flanks and a black band running from the forehead across the eye down the head to form a necklace that encloses a white throat. Native to Asia, the species has been introduced into many other places and feral populations have established themselves in parts of North America, Malta and New Zealand. This bird can be found in parts of Middle East and temperate Asia.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukar_partridge"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/846","photos":[{"f":"p/chukar-0.webp","w":720,"h":478,"by":"Olaf Oliviero Riemer","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chukarhuhn_Weltvogelpark_Walsrode_2010.jpg"},{"f":"p/chukar-c384876751.webp","w":687,"h":720,"by":"smeckert","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/384876751"},{"f":"p/chukar-c593830965.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jeff Bartlett","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/593830965"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/chukar-c151416808.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"River Ahlquist","loc":"Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, US-CA, US","inat":"151416808","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/chukar-c151416845.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"River Ahlquist","loc":"Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, US-CA, US","inat":"151416845","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":54,"y":25,"l":"black necklace"},{"m":2,"x":40,"y":55,"l":"barred flanks"}]},{"id":"gresag","unit":"sage","pack":"p2","name":"Greater Sage-Grouse","sci":"Centrocercus urophasianus","alpha":"GRSG","len":26,"family":"Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies","habitat":"Large sagebrush landscapes","marks":["Large, mottled grouse","Male: white ruff, black throat, spiky tail fan","Inflates yellow air sacs when displaying"],"voice":"Popping, bubbling sounds from inflated air sacs on spring leks.","mnemonic":"swish-swish-whoop-POP","facts":["Males gather at dawn on spring leks, inflating yellow air sacs that make popping sounds.","In winter it eats almost nothing but sagebrush leaves.","North America's largest grouse.","Needs large, unbroken sagebrush landscapes to survive."],"months":[0.073,0,1,0.457,0.12,0.108,0.386,0.186,0.14,0.069,0.017,0.065],"season":"Year-round","similar":["chukar"],"simOther":["Dusky Grouse","Ring-necked Pheasant"],"wiki":{"text":"The greater sage-grouse, also known as the sagehen, is the largest grouse in North America. Its range is sagebrush country in the western United States and southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. It was known as simply the sage grouse until the Gunnison sage-grouse was recognized as a separate species in 2000. The Mono Basin population of sage grouse may also be distinct.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_sage-grouse"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1264","photos":[{"f":"p/gresag-0.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Pacific Southwest Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from Sacramento, US","lic":"Public domain","lu":"","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Centrocercus_urophasianus_-USA_-male-8.jpg"},{"f":"p/gresag-c481700190.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Jared Shorma","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/481700190"},{"f":"p/gresag-c705050267.webp","w":720,"h":524,"by":"Brooke J.","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/705050267"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/gresag-c267957602.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jared Shorma","loc":"Jackson County, US-CO, US","inat":"267957602","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/gresag-c267957649.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jared Shorma","loc":"Jackson County, US-CO, US","inat":"267957649","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":1,"x":40,"y":31,"l":"white ruff"}]},{"id":"ribgul","unit":"shore","pack":"p2","name":"Ring-billed Gull","sci":"Larus delawarensis","alpha":"RBGU","len":18,"family":"Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers","habitat":"Parking lots, landfills, reservoirs, parks","marks":["Black ring around a yellow bill","Yellow legs","Pale eye; pale gray back"],"voice":"Mewing and laughing gull calls.","mnemonic":"a high, laughing 'kee-ow'","facts":["Named for the black band around its yellow bill.","A familiar parking-lot gull at fast-food restaurants and landfills.","Has a pale eye and yellow legs; California Gull has a dark eye.","Numbers swell around the Great Salt Lake in late summer and fall."],"months":[0.454,0.37,0.148,0.079,0.064,0.034,0.135,0.185,0.25,0.426,0.636,1],"season":"Year-round","similar":["calgul","fragul"],"simOther":["Short-billed Gull","American Herring Gull"],"wiki":{"text":"The ring-billed gull is a medium-sized gull native to North America, breeding in Canada and the northern Contiguous United States, and wintering mainly in the United States and northern Mexico. The genus name is from Latin Larus which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird. The specific delawarensis refers to the Delaware River.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-billed_gull"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4364","photos":[{"f":"p/ribgul-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"User:Mdf","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus-delawarensis-021.jpg"},{"f":"p/ribgul-2.webp","w":720,"h":475,"by":"Judy Gallagher","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/255075587"},{"f":"p/ribgul-c345092912.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Nodnarb Nedloh","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/345092912"},{"f":"p/ribgul-3.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/329784325","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/ribgul-c63891609.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Jennifer Rycenga","loc":"Stone Ridge Plaza, Rochester, NY, US","inat":"63891609","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/ribgul-c261870414.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Chris Stahl","loc":"Bernalillo County, US-NM, US","inat":"261870414","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":23,"y":25,"l":"black bill ring"},{"m":1,"x":46.5,"y":80,"l":"yellow legs"},{"m":2,"x":35,"y":18.5,"l":"pale eye"}]},{"id":"fragul","unit":"shore","pack":"p2","name":"Franklin's Gull","sci":"Leucophaeus pipixcan","alpha":"FRGU","len":14,"family":"Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers","habitat":"Large marshes, flooded fields, farm fields","marks":["Small gull with a black hood (breeding)","Bold white arcs above and below the eye","Dark gray back"],"voice":"Nasal, laughing calls.","mnemonic":"a soft, nasal 'kuk'","facts":["Nests on floating mats in large marshes and winters along South America's Pacific coast.","Follows tractors to snatch insects stirred up in fields.","Breeding adults can show a rosy pink blush on the breast.","Named for Sir John Franklin, the Arctic explorer."],"months":[0,0.009,0.012,0.495,0.383,0.464,0.793,1,0.516,0.052,0.061,0.01],"season":"Summer","similar":["ribgul"],"simOther":["Bonaparte's Gull","Common Gull"],"wiki":{"text":"Franklin's gull is a small gull. The genus name Leucophaeus is from Ancient Greek leukos, \"white\", and phaios, \"dusky\". The specific pipixcan is a Nahuatl name for a type of gull. The English common name was given to commemorate the arctic explorer Sir John Franklin, who led an expedition in 1825 on which the type was collected.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin's_gull"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/144515","photos":[{"f":"p/fragul-c381683851.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/381683851"},{"f":"p/fragul-c1281227.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Andrew Cannizzaro","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/1281227"},{"f":"p/fragul-c377351333.webp","w":720,"h":477,"by":"Millie Basden","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/377351333"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/fragul-c363204838.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Robert Hoard","loc":"Cheyenne Township, KS, USA","inat":"363204838","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/fragul-c158156649.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Elana Feldman","loc":"Corinne, UT, US","inat":"158156649","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":66.7,"y":38,"l":"black hood"},{"m":1,"x":62.5,"y":31.9,"l":"white eye arcs"},{"m":2,"x":41.7,"y":53.7,"l":"dark gray back"}]},{"id":"lobcur","unit":"shore","pack":"p2","name":"Long-billed Curlew","sci":"Numenius americanus","alpha":"LBCU","len":23,"family":"Sandpipers and Allies","habitat":"Grasslands, farm fields, mudflats","marks":["Very long, downcurved bill","Cinnamon-buff body","Cinnamon underwings in flight"],"voice":"A loud, rising, whistled call.","mnemonic":"cur-LEEE","facts":["North America's largest shorebird.","The female's bill is longer than the male's.","Nests in dry grasslands, often far from water.","Its rising 'cur-lee' carries across open fields."],"months":[0.018,0,0.512,1,0.983,0.641,0.559,0.528,0.466,0.206,0.061,0.019],"season":"Summer","similar":["sancra"],"simOther":["Marbled Godwit","Hudsonian Whimbrel"],"wiki":{"text":"The long-billed curlew is a large North American shorebird of the family Scolopacidae. This species was also called \"sicklebird\" and the \"candlestick bird\". The species breeds in central and western North America, migrating southward and coastward for the winter.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-billed_curlew"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3906","photos":[{"f":"p/lobcur-c440484656.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Dan Vickers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/440484656"},{"f":"p/lobcur-c428855281.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Kevin Floyd","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/428855281"},{"f":"p/lobcur-1.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Frank Schulenburg","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Long-billed_curlew_at_Drakes_Beach,_Point_Reyes.jpg"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/lobcur-c140186701.mp3","dur":3,"type":"recording","by":"Charla","loc":"Santa Barbara County, US-CA, US","inat":"140186701","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/lobcur-c255246633.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jo \"Cirque\" Stormer","loc":"Franklin County, WA, USA","inat":"255246633","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":21.4,"y":32,"l":"long curved bill"},{"m":1,"x":47.6,"y":52,"l":"cinnamon-buff body"}]},{"id":"sposan","unit":"shore","pack":"p2","name":"Spotted Sandpiper","sci":"Actitis macularius","alpha":"SPSA","len":7.5,"family":"Sandpipers and Allies","habitat":"Streams, reservoirs, pond edges","marks":["Dark spots on a white breast (breeding)","Constantly teeters its rear","Orange bill with a dark tip"],"voice":"A clear, repeated whistle.","mnemonic":"peet-weet!","facts":["Teeters its rear end up and down almost constantly.","Females arrive first and may mate with several males, who incubate the eggs.","Flies low over water with stiff, flickering wingbeats.","A common summer sandpiper of Utah's streams and reservoirs."],"months":[0,0.029,0,0.124,0.679,0.505,1,0.863,0.422,0.052,0.051,0.032],"season":"Summer","similar":["sora"],"simOther":["Solitary Sandpiper"],"wiki":{"text":"The spotted sandpiper is a small shorebird. Together with its sister species the common sandpiper, it makes up the genus Actitis. They replace each other geographically; stray birds may settle down with breeders of the other species and hybridize.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_sandpiper"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/72458","photos":[{"f":"p/sposan-c47619410.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Ryan Elliott","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/47619410"},{"f":"p/sposan-c563943096.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Kathy Richardson","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/563943096"},{"f":"p/sposan-1.webp","w":720,"h":539,"by":"No machine-readable author provided. Factumquintus assumed (based on copyright c","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Actitis-macularia-005.jpg"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/sposan-c224061418.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jeffrey Lee (he/him/his)","loc":"Oregon City, OR 97045, USA","inat":"224061418","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/sposan-c226564059.mp3","dur":4,"type":"recording","by":"Luke Padon","loc":"Hinsdale County, Lake City, CO, US","inat":"226564059","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":38,"y":50,"l":"spotted white breast"},{"m":2,"x":20.8,"y":45.1,"l":"orange bill, dark tip"}]},{"id":"wilsni","unit":"shore","pack":"p2","name":"Wilson's Snipe","sci":"Gallinago delicata","alpha":"WISN","len":10.5,"family":"Sandpipers and Allies","habitat":"Wet meadows, marsh edges, flooded fields","marks":["Stocky with a very long, straight bill","Bold stripes on the head","Cryptic brown back with buff stripes"],"voice":"A hollow 'winnowing' made by tail feathers in display; a harsh 'scaipe' call.","mnemonic":"a hollow, whistling who-who-who","facts":["In display flights, air rushing through its outer tail feathers makes a hollow 'winnowing' sound.","Its eyes are set so far back it can see behind itself.","Probes mud with a flexible bill tip that can open underground.","Hard to see until it bursts up from the grass in a zigzag flight."],"months":[0.913,0.319,0.346,0.309,0.436,1,0.286,0.261,0.576,0.689,0.524,0.433],"season":"Year-round","similar":["ameavo"],"simOther":[],"wiki":{"text":"Wilson's snipe is a small, stocky shorebird. The generic name Gallinago is Neo-Latin for a woodcock or snipe from Latin gallina, \"hen\" and the suffix -ago, \"resembling\". The specific name delicata is Latin for \"dainty\".","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson's_snipe"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/144496","photos":[{"f":"p/wilsni-0.webp","w":720,"h":486,"by":"Gregory \"Slobirdr\" Smith","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/2778405"},{"f":"p/wilsni-c104249070.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Sydney Dragon","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/104249070"},{"f":"p/wilsni-c104798165.webp","w":720,"h":558,"by":"Rudyard","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/104798165"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/wilsni-c146050386.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Laura Mae","loc":"Blue Ridge Rd, Chesapeake, VA 23322, USA","inat":"146050386","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/wilsni-n4.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-wilsonssnipe.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-WISN3ROMO6222015MorainePark.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":30,"y":36,"l":"long straight bill"},{"m":1,"x":47,"y":15,"l":"bold head stripes"},{"m":2,"x":58,"y":27,"l":"buff back stripes"}]},{"id":"snoegr","unit":"shore","pack":"p2","name":"Snowy Egret","sci":"Egretta thula","alpha":"SNEG","len":24,"family":"Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","habitat":"Marshes, shallow ponds, ditches","marks":["All white","Slim black bill","Black legs with bright yellow feet"],"voice":"Harsh, croaking calls at colonies.","mnemonic":"a hoarse 'aarg'","facts":["Has bright yellow feet on black legs — its 'golden slippers.'","Its lacy plumes were once worth more than gold, and the plume trade nearly wiped it out.","Shuffles its feet in the water to stir up prey.","Nests in mixed colonies in the Great Salt Lake's marshes."],"months":[0.022,0,0.007,0.52,0.788,0.571,0.635,0.802,1,0.157,0.064,0.012],"season":"Summer","similar":["amwpel"],"simOther":["Little Egret","Great Egret"],"wiki":{"text":"The snowy egret is a small white heron. The genus name comes from Provençal French for the little egret, aigrette, which is a diminutive of aigron, 'heron'. The species name thula is the Mapudungun term for the black-necked swan, applied to this species in error by Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowy_egret"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4940","photos":[{"f":"p/snoegr-1.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Roberto Daniel Avila","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/460338926"},{"f":"p/snoegr-c604380325.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/604380325"},{"f":"p/snoegr-c330856993.webp","w":562,"h":720,"by":"Bill Levine","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/330856993"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/snoegr-c125406432.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Charla","loc":"Carpinteria, CA 93013, USA","inat":"125406432","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/snoegr-c339298388.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"murl10","loc":"Titusville, FL, US","inat":"339298388","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":47.6,"y":46,"l":"all white"},{"m":1,"x":63.2,"y":27.1,"l":"slim black bill"},{"m":2,"x":49,"y":89,"l":"yellow feet"}]},{"id":"bcnher","unit":"shore","pack":"p2","name":"Black-crowned Night Heron","sci":"Nycticorax nycticorax","alpha":"BCNH","len":25,"family":"Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns","habitat":"Marshes, ponds, river edges","marks":["Stocky heron with a black crown and back","Gray wings, white underparts","Red eyes; young are brown with white spots"],"voice":"A flat, barking call, often at dusk.","mnemonic":"quok!","facts":["Feeds mostly at night and dusk.","Its call is a flat, barking 'quok.'","Young birds are brown with white spots and look like a different species.","The most widespread heron in the world."],"months":[0.827,0.239,0.132,0.472,0.815,0.818,1,0.756,0.429,0.144,0.018,0.119],"season":"Summer","similar":["grbher","coohaw","doccor"],"simOther":["American Bittern","Yellow-crowned Night Heron"],"wiki":{"text":"The black-crowned night heron or black-capped night heron, commonly shortened to just night heron in Eurasia, is a medium-sized heron found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America. In Australasia it is replaced by the closely related Nankeen night heron, with which it has hybridised in the area of contact.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-crowned_night_heron"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4981","photos":[{"f":"p/bcnher-0.webp","w":720,"h":593,"by":"ramidos","lic":"CC BY 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nycticorax_nycticorax_457953189.jpg"},{"f":"p/bcnher-1.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Kyle Nessen","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/49357930"},{"f":"p/bcnher-2.webp","w":720,"h":491,"by":"Алина Урусова","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/59830074"},{"f":"p/bcnher-3.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"russnamitz","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/366353131","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/bcnher-c176083704.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Kristi Zoebelein","loc":"Ragland, AL 35131, USA","inat":"176083704","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/bcnher-c154368477.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Kyle Eaton","loc":"Orange County, CA, USA","inat":"154368477","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":37,"y":22,"l":"black crown"},{"m":1,"x":58,"y":42,"l":"gray wings"},{"m":2,"x":31,"y":26.5,"l":"red eye"}]},{"id":"wesgre","unit":"divers","pack":"p2","name":"Western Grebe","sci":"Aechmophorus occidentalis","alpha":"WEGR","len":25,"family":"Grebes","habitat":"Large lakes and reservoirs, Great Salt Lake marshes","marks":["Long swan-like neck, black above and white below","Black cap extends down around the red eye","Yellow-green, dagger-like bill"],"voice":"A loud, two-note, grating call.","mnemonic":"krrik-krreek","facts":["Pairs 'rush' side by side across the water in a courtship dance.","Carries its chicks on its back.","Spears fish with a dagger-like bill.","Its black cap surrounds the eye; its look-alike has white around the eye."],"months":[0,0.072,0.27,0.69,0.972,0.979,0.677,0.643,0.609,1,0.454,0.082],"season":"Summer","similar":["clagre","eargre"],"simOther":["Western × Clark's Grebe","Horned Grebe"],"wiki":{"text":"The western grebe is a species in the grebe family of water birds. Folk names include \"dabchick\", \"swan grebe\" and \"swan-necked grebe\".","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_grebe"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4235","photos":[{"f":"p/wesgre-0.webp","w":720,"h":545,"by":"dominic sherony","lic":"CC BY-SA 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Grebe_swimming.jpg"},{"f":"p/wesgre-c523081531.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Dan Vickers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/523081531"},{"f":"p/wesgre-c108635941.webp","w":720,"h":450,"by":"Keith Mitchell","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/108635941"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/wesgre-c234351457.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Jonathan Layman","loc":"Larimer County, CO, USA","inat":"234351457","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/wesgre-c105271266.mp3","dur":6,"type":"recording","by":"Anne Parsons","loc":"Calero Reservoir, CA, USA","inat":"105271266","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":41,"y":36,"l":"black-and-white neck"},{"m":1,"x":36,"y":22,"l":"black cap"},{"m":2,"x":28,"y":26,"l":"yellow-green bill"}]},{"id":"clagre","unit":"divers","pack":"p2","name":"Clark's Grebe","sci":"Aechmophorus clarkii","alpha":"CLGR","len":25,"family":"Grebes","habitat":"Large lakes and reservoirs, Great Salt Lake marshes","marks":["White face surrounds the red eye","Bright orange-yellow bill","Paler flanks than its look-alike"],"voice":"A single, rising, grating call.","mnemonic":"krreeeek","facts":["Was considered the same species as the Western Grebe until 1985.","White surrounds its eye, and its bill is a brighter orange-yellow.","Gives a single rising call; its look-alike gives a two-part call.","Pairs perform the same water-running courtship dance as Western Grebes."],"months":[0,0.055,0.757,0.831,0.82,1,0.863,0.7,0.648,0.924,0.323,0.041],"season":"Summer","similar":["wesgre"],"simOther":["Western × Clark's Grebe","Horned Grebe"],"wiki":{"text":"Clark's grebe is a North American waterbird species in the grebe family. Until the 1980s, it was thought to be a pale morph of the western grebe, which it resembles in size, range, and behavior. Intermediates between the two species are known.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark's_grebe"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4234","photos":[{"f":"p/clagre-c18052278.webp","w":720,"h":450,"by":"Rolf Lawrenz","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/18052278"},{"f":"p/clagre-c178586455.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Annette Herz","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/178586455"},{"f":"p/clagre-c18052302.webp","w":720,"h":451,"by":"Rolf Lawrenz","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/18052302"}],"sounds":[],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":43.3,"y":51.6,"l":"white face around eye"},{"m":1,"x":35.8,"y":52.4,"l":"orange-yellow bill"},{"m":2,"x":58.3,"y":80,"l":"pale white flanks"}]},{"id":"pibgre","unit":"divers","pack":"p2","name":"Pied-billed Grebe","sci":"Podilymbus podiceps","alpha":"PBGR","len":13,"family":"Grebes","habitat":"Ponds, marshes, quiet reservoirs","marks":["Small, chunky and brown","Thick, chicken-like bill with a black ring in breeding season","Tiny tail; fluffy white rear"],"voice":"A loud, whooping series that slows down.","mnemonic":"cow-cow-cow-cowp-cowp","facts":["Can sink slowly like a submarine until only its head shows.","Rarely flies; it escapes danger by diving.","Its loud call is a whooping 'cow-cow-cow.'","Builds a floating nest anchored to plants."],"months":[1,0.897,0.508,0.334,0.252,0.167,0.157,0.141,0.404,0.592,0.976,0.898],"season":"Year-round","similar":["eargre"],"simOther":["Ring-necked Duck","Little Grebe"],"wiki":{"text":"The pied-billed grebe is a species of the grebe family of water birds primarily found in ponds throughout the Americas.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied-billed_grebe"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4246","photos":[{"f":"p/pibgre-c108814817.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Andrew Hrycyna","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/108814817"},{"f":"p/pibgre-c709460844.webp","w":512,"h":512,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/709460844"},{"f":"p/pibgre-c249989437.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Joseph Aubert","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/249989437"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/pibgre-c77393593.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Kristin M. Tolle","loc":"Deer Harbor, WA 98245, USA","inat":"77393593","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/pibgre-c25189918.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Thomas Koffel","loc":"Kalamazoo County, MI, USA","inat":"25189918","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":41.7,"y":60,"l":"chunky brown body"},{"m":1,"x":23.8,"y":33,"l":"thick chicken-like bill"},{"m":2,"x":82,"y":58,"l":"fluffy rear"}]},{"id":"doccor","unit":"divers","pack":"p2","name":"Double-crested Cormorant","sci":"Nannopterum auritum","alpha":"DCCO","len":32,"family":"Cormorants and Shags","habitat":"Reservoirs, rivers, Great Salt Lake islands","marks":["Black with orange-yellow skin at the base of the bill","Hooked bill","Often perches with wings spread"],"voice":"Mostly silent; grunts at colonies.","mnemonic":"low grunts at the nest","facts":["Perches with wings spread to dry, because its feathers soak up water as it dives.","The 'double crest' is a pair of small tufts seen only in breeding season.","Swims low, often with only its head and neck above water.","Nests in colonies on islands and in dead trees."],"months":[0.136,0.316,0.878,1,0.926,0.965,0.555,0.418,0.722,0.404,0.228,0.092],"season":"Summer","similar":["whfibi","cintea"],"simOther":["Neotropic Cormorant","European Shag"],"wiki":{"text":"The double-crested cormorant is a member of the cormorant family of water birds. It is found near rivers and lakes and in coastal areas and is widely distributed across North America, from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska down to Florida and Mexico. Measuring 70–90 cm (28–35 in) in length, it is entirely black except for a bare patch of orange-yellow facial skin and some extra plumage that it exhibits in the breeding season when it grows a double crest in which black feathers are mingled with white. Five subspecies are recognized. It mainly eats fish and hunts by swimming and diving. Its feathers, like all cormorants, are not waterproof, and it must dry them out after spending time in the water. Once threatened by the use of DDT, the numbers of this bird have increased markedly in recent years.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-crested_cormorant"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1454382","photos":[{"f":"p/doccor-1.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Mdf","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phalacrocorax-auritus-007.jpg"},{"f":"p/doccor-c43052024.webp","w":443,"h":720,"by":"Sandy Wolkenberg","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/43052024"},{"f":"p/doccor-c173884349.webp","w":480,"h":720,"by":"Eridan Xharahi","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/173884349"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/doccor-c335118148.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Guy Babineau","loc":"Albemarle County, US-VA, US","inat":"335118148","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/doccor-c3381847.mp3","dur":4,"type":"recording","by":"Anne Parsons","loc":"Bay Trail, Sunnyvale, CA, US","inat":"3381847","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":67.9,"y":9.5,"l":"orange facial skin"},{"m":1,"x":78.6,"y":6,"l":"hooked bill"},{"m":2,"x":21,"y":50,"l":"wings spread"}]},{"id":"norsho","unit":"divers","pack":"p2","name":"Northern Shoveler","sci":"Spatula clypeata","alpha":"NSHO","len":19,"family":"Ducks, Geese, and Swans","habitat":"Shallow ponds and marshes","marks":["Huge spoon-shaped bill","Male: green head, white chest, chestnut sides","Yellow eye on the male"],"voice":"Males give a low, nasal 'took-took'.","mnemonic":"took-took","facts":["Its spoon bill has comb-like edges that strain tiny food from the water.","Groups spin in circles to stir up food.","Gathers in big numbers in the Great Salt Lake's marshes during spring and fall migration."],"months":[0.832,1,0.642,0.432,0.172,0.065,0.015,0.105,0.357,0.4,0.313,0.392],"season":"Year-round","similar":["mallar","cintea"],"simOther":["Northern Pintail"],"wiki":{"text":"The northern shoveler, often known simply as the shoveler where other related species do not occur, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and throughout the Palearctic and across most of North America, and winters in southern Europe, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. It is a rare vagrant to Australia. In North America, it breeds along the southern edge of Hudson Bay and west of this body of water, and as far south as the Great Lakes west to Colorado, Nevada, and Oregon.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_shoveler"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/558438","photos":[{"f":"p/norsho-c471047143.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Dan Vickers","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/471047143"},{"f":"p/norsho-c342842647.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/342842647"},{"f":"p/norsho-3.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/399575897","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/norsho-c162140322.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Dan MacNeal","loc":"Wellington County, ON, Canada","inat":"162140322","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/norsho-c224392686.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Mary Krieger","loc":"Oak Hammock WMA (pond west of north mound parking lot)","inat":"224392686","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":81,"y":35.7,"l":"huge spoon bill"},{"m":1,"x":42.9,"y":35.7,"l":"chestnut sides"},{"m":2,"x":67.5,"y":27,"l":"yellow eye"}]},{"id":"gadwal","unit":"divers","pack":"p2","name":"Gadwall","sci":"Mareca strepera","alpha":"GADW","len":20,"family":"Ducks, Geese, and Swans","habitat":"Ponds, marshes, reservoirs","marks":["Male: plain gray-brown with a black rear","White square in the wing in flight","Female: mallard-like with an orange-edged bill"],"voice":"Females quack; males give a low, burping call.","mnemonic":"a low, nasal 'reb'","facts":["The male looks plain at a distance but is finely patterned up close.","Steals food from diving ducks and coots.","Shows a white square in the wing when it flies."],"months":[0.998,0.918,1,0.556,0.553,0.396,0.254,0.119,0.28,0.419,0.847,0.841],"season":"Year-round","similar":["mallar"],"simOther":["Blue-winged Teal","Green-winged Teal"],"wiki":{"text":"The gadwall is a common and widespread dabbling duck in the family Anatidae.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadwall"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/558439","photos":[{"f":"p/gadwal-1.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Luke","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/116092130"},{"f":"p/gadwal-c339295842.webp","w":720,"h":468,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/339295842"},{"f":"p/gadwal-c30274980.webp","w":720,"h":538,"by":"Walter Siegmund","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/30274980"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/gadwal-c205684473.mp3","dur":8,"type":"recording","by":"Ali Powell","loc":"Wever, IA 52658, USA","inat":"205684473","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/gadwal-c326085741.mp3","dur":9,"type":"recording","by":"Damien Wallace","loc":"Sellwood - Moreland, Portland, OR, USA","inat":"326085741","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":20.8,"y":56.5,"l":"black rear"},{"m":1,"x":39,"y":50,"l":"white wing patch"}]},{"id":"comgol","unit":"divers","pack":"p2","name":"Common Goldeneye","sci":"Bucephala clangula","alpha":"COGO","len":18.5,"family":"Ducks, Geese, and Swans","habitat":"Rivers and reservoirs in winter","marks":["Male: black and white with a round white spot near the bill","Glossy green-black head; golden eye","Female: brown head, gray body"],"voice":"Its wings whistle loudly in flight.","mnemonic":"a whistling 'whew-whew' of wings","facts":["Its wings make a loud whistle — hunters call it the 'whistler.'","Nests in tree cavities; ducklings leap to the ground the day after hatching.","A winter visitor to Utah's rivers and reservoirs.","Males throw their heads back over their backs in courtship."],"months":[0.869,0.97,0.389,0.096,0.03,0.012,0.016,0.027,0.004,0,0.459,1],"season":"Winter","similar":[],"simOther":["Barrow's Goldeneye","Bufflehead"],"wiki":{"text":"The common goldeneye or simply goldeneye is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus Bucephala, the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek boukephalos, a reference to the bulbous head shape of the bufflehead. The species name is derived from the Latin clangere.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_goldeneye"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/6990","photos":[{"f":"p/comgol-0.webp","w":720,"h":493,"by":"https://www.flickr.com/photos/sbern/","lic":"CC BY 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Goldeneye_(Bucephala_clangula).jpg"},{"f":"p/comgol-2.webp","w":720,"h":515,"by":"Frank Sengpiel","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/31569124"},{"f":"p/comgol-3.webp","w":720,"h":405,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/344825481","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/comgol-c67564231.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Christoph Moning","loc":"85395 Wolfersdorf, Deutschland","inat":"67564231","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/comgol-c41061780.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Fyn Kynd","loc":"Jefferson County, CO, USA","inat":"41061780","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":69.5,"y":47,"l":"round white spot"},{"m":1,"x":66.8,"y":40.3,"l":"golden eye"}]},{"id":"marwre","unit":"marsh","pack":"p2","name":"Marsh Wren","sci":"Cistothorus palustris","alpha":"MAWR","len":5,"family":"Wrens","habitat":"Cattails and bulrushes","marks":["Small with a white eyebrow","Black-and-white streaked back","Cocked tail"],"voice":"A gurgling, rattling song like a sewing machine.","mnemonic":"a gurgling, sewing-machine rattle","facts":["Males build several dummy nests, and the female chooses one.","Western males may know more than 100 song types.","Destroys the eggs of other birds nesting nearby.","Lives almost entirely inside cattail and bulrush marshes."],"months":[0.358,0.701,0.611,0.781,0.685,0.596,0.646,0.684,0.641,0.481,1,0.396],"season":"Year-round","similar":["sonspa","houspa","rewbla"],"simOther":[],"wiki":{"text":"The marsh wren is a small North American songbird of the wren family. It was formerly called the long-billed marsh wren to distinguish it from the sedge wren, then known as the short-billed marsh wren.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_wren"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/7601","photos":[{"f":"p/marwre-0.webp","w":720,"h":656,"by":"USFWS Mountain Prairie","lic":"Public domain","lu":"","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marshwrenusfws.jpg"},{"f":"p/marwre-c127865173.webp","w":720,"h":651,"by":"Chris Sulots","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/127865173"},{"f":"p/marwre-c45083788.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/45083788"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/marwre-c57272724.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Henggang Cui","loc":"1 Hamlin Beach State Park, Hamlin, NY 14464, USA","inat":"57272724","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/marwre-c137803634.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Mara","loc":"Port Hadlock-Irondale, WA, USA","inat":"137803634","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":47,"y":30,"l":"white eyebrow"},{"m":2,"x":71,"y":22,"l":"cocked tail"}]},{"id":"comyel","unit":"marsh","pack":"p2","name":"Common Yellowthroat","sci":"Geothlypis trichas","alpha":"COYE","len":5,"family":"New World Warblers","habitat":"Marshes, wet thickets, cattails","marks":["Male: black mask with a white border","Bright yellow throat","Olive back; females lack the mask"],"voice":"A rolling, repeated phrase.","mnemonic":"witchety-witchety-witchety","facts":["Its song sounds like 'witchety-witchety-witchety.'","The male's black mask looks like a bandit's.","A warbler that lives low in marsh vegetation rather than in trees."],"months":[0,0,0.027,0.084,1,0.783,0.496,0.686,0.454,0.145,0.047,0],"season":"Summer","similar":[],"simOther":["Orange-crowned Warbler"],"wiki":{"text":"The common yellowthroat is a New World warbler. It is an abundant breeder in North America, ranging from southern Canada to central Mexico. In the northern parts of its range the birds are migratory, wintering in the southern parts of the breeding range, Central America and the West Indies. Southern forms are largely resident. Historically, it has also been known as the \"yellow bandit\", Maryland yellow-throat, and yellow-breasted warbler.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_yellowthroat"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9721","photos":[{"f":"p/comyel-c79301180.webp","w":720,"h":547,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/79301180"},{"f":"p/comyel-1.webp","w":720,"h":557,"by":"Rhododendrites","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Common_yellowthroat_in_PP_(14155).jpg"},{"f":"p/comyel-c54170051.webp","w":720,"h":602,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/54170051"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/comyel-c365922658.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Eric Schmidt","loc":"Grand County, US-UT, US","inat":"365922658","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/comyel-c85985589.mp3","dur":3,"type":"recording","by":"Erika Mitchell","loc":"Caledonia County, US-VT, US","inat":"85985589","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":36.9,"y":44,"l":"black mask"},{"m":1,"x":34.5,"y":52,"l":"yellow throat"},{"m":2,"x":54.8,"y":47,"l":"olive back"}]},{"id":"sora","unit":"marsh","pack":"p2","name":"Sora","sci":"Porzana carolina","alpha":"SORA","len":8.5,"family":"Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","habitat":"Marshes with cattails and sedges","marks":["Chicken-like rail with a short yellow bill","Black face and throat","Gray breast and barred flanks"],"voice":"A descending whinny and a rising 'ker-wee'.","mnemonic":"a descending whinny","facts":["Its call is a descending, horse-like whinny.","Despite weak-looking flight, it migrates hundreds of miles.","Heard far more often than seen.","The most common rail in North America."],"months":[0,0.067,0.045,0.208,0.497,0.144,0.448,1,0.351,0.24,0.156,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["houspa","sposan"],"simOther":[],"wiki":{"text":"The sora, sora rail or Carolina crake is a small waterbird of the rail family Rallidae, sometimes also referred to as the sora rail or sora crake, that occurs throughout much of North America. The genus name Porzana is derived from Venetian terms for small rails, and the specific carolina refers to the Carolina Colony. The common name \"Sora\" is probably derived from a Native American language.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sora_(bird)"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/162","photos":[{"f":"p/sora-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Elaine R. Wilson, www.naturespicsonline.com","lic":"CC BY-SA 2.5","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sora_(Porzana_carolina).jpg"},{"f":"p/sora-1.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Becky Matsubara","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/262518071"},{"f":"p/sora-2.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"no rights reserved, uploaded by Dario Taraborelli","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/110155912"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/sora-c63378160.mp3","dur":7,"type":"recording","by":"Jose Luis Sandoval","loc":"Arcata, CA, USA","inat":"63378160","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"f":"a/sora-c293671702.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Donald Davesne","loc":"Washtenaw County, MI, USA","inat":"293671702","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":77.5,"y":48.5,"l":"short yellow bill"},{"m":2,"x":32,"y":57,"l":"barred flanks"}]},{"id":"virrai","unit":"marsh","pack":"p2","name":"Virginia Rail","sci":"Rallus limicola","alpha":"VIRA","len":9.5,"family":"Rails, Gallinules, and Coots","habitat":"Cattail marshes","marks":["Long, reddish, slightly curved bill","Gray cheeks and rusty breast","Black-and-white barred flanks"],"voice":"Grunting 'kid-ick' calls and descending pig-like grunts.","mnemonic":"kid-ick, kid-ick · oink-oink-oink","facts":["Its body is narrow side to side, letting it slip between reeds — 'thin as a rail.'","Can swim and even dive, using its wings underwater.","Some of its calls sound like descending pig grunts.","Secretive in Utah's marshes; heard much more than seen."],"months":[0.987,0.297,0.402,0.489,0.416,0.401,1,0.76,0.783,0.268,0.611,0.588],"season":"Year-round","similar":["rewbla"],"simOther":["Yellow Rail"],"wiki":{"text":"The Virginia rail is a small waterbird, of the family Rallidae.\nThese birds remain fairly common despite continuing loss of habitat, but are secretive by nature and more often heard than seen. They are also considered a game species in some provinces and states, though rarely hunted. The Ecuadorian rail is often considered a subspecies, but some taxonomic authorities consider it distinct.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_rail"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/243","photos":[{"f":"p/virrai-c81618033.webp","w":720,"h":593,"by":"Forest Botial-Jarvis","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/81618033"},{"f":"p/virrai-c526401413.webp","w":480,"h":720,"by":"criminy","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/526401413"},{"f":"p/virrai-c143446394.webp","w":720,"h":493,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/143446394"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/virrai-c213678093.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"William Harmon","loc":"South Waterfowl Way, Farmington, UT, US","inat":"213678093","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/virrai-c341733367.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Laura Gaudette","loc":"Merced National Wldlife Refuge, Merced, CA, US","inat":"341733367","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":88,"y":29,"l":"long reddish bill"},{"m":1,"x":75,"y":23,"l":"gray cheek"},{"m":2,"x":44.4,"y":46,"l":"barred flanks"}]},{"id":"grtgra","unit":"marsh","pack":"p2","name":"Great-tailed Grackle","sci":"Quiscalus mexicanus","alpha":"GTGR","len":17,"family":"New World Blackbirds and Orioles","habitat":"Parks, parking lots, marsh edges","marks":["Male: glossy purple-black with a huge keel-shaped tail","Bright yellow eye","Female: brown with a smaller tail"],"voice":"Loud whistles, clacks and machine-like rattles.","mnemonic":"a loud, rising 'wheeeek' and clacks","facts":["Has spread north from Texas and now nests in Utah.","The male holds his long tail folded into a V-shaped keel.","Its calls include clicks, rattles and piercing whistles."],"months":[0.4,0.383,0.634,0.659,0.565,0.485,0.499,0.592,0.451,0.691,1,0.555],"season":"Year-round","similar":["brebla","amecro"],"simOther":["Common Grackle","Boat-tailed Grackle"],"wiki":{"text":"The great-tailed grackle or Mexican grackle is a medium-sized, highly social passerine bird native to North and South America. A member of the family Icteridae, it is one of 10 extant species of grackle and is closely related to the boat-tailed grackle and the extinct slender-billed grackle. In the southern and southwestern United States, the grackle is sometimes referred to simply as a \"blackbird\" or (erroneously) a \"crow\" due to its glossy black plumage; however, grackles form their own unique genus that is separate from other \"blackbirds\", such as the red-winged and Brewer's blackbirds, despite being in the same family (Icteridae). Superficially, Brewer's blackbird is one of the most visually similar species to grackles.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-tailed_grackle"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/9607","photos":[{"f":"p/grtgra-c102703179.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/102703179"},{"f":"p/grtgra-1.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Ricard Busquets Reverte","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/270656224"},{"f":"p/grtgra-3.webp","w":720,"h":900,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/359736533","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/grtgra-c345207733.mp3","dur":5,"type":"recording","by":"Daughter Dad","loc":"Grandpa's pond, Sandy, UT 84070, USA","inat":"345207733","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/grtgra-c25200380.mp3","dur":1,"type":"recording","by":"zookanthos","loc":"Davis County, UT, USA","inat":"25200380","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":22.2,"y":79.2,"l":"long keeled tail"},{"m":1,"x":67.1,"y":20.8,"l":"yellow eye"}]},{"id":"brebla","unit":"marsh","pack":"p2","name":"Brewer's Blackbird","sci":"Euphagus cyanocephalus","alpha":"BRBL","len":9,"family":"New World Blackbirds and Orioles","habitat":"Farmyards, parking lots, parks, fields","marks":["Male: glossy black with a purple head and green body sheen","Pale yellow eye on the male","Female: plain brown with a dark eye"],"voice":"A short, creaky, squeaky call.","mnemonic":"a rusty 'ksh-eee'","facts":["Common around farmyards, parking lots and parks across the West.","Walks with a jerky, head-bobbing gait almost like a chicken's.","Males have a pale eye; females have a dark one.","Nests in loose colonies."],"months":[0.473,0.277,0.358,0.961,0.743,1,0.534,0.424,0.358,0.698,0.264,0.224],"season":"Year-round","similar":["grtgra","eursta","amecro"],"simOther":["Brown-headed Cowbird","Common Grackle"],"wiki":{"text":"Brewer's blackbird is a medium-sized New World blackbird. It is named after the ornithologist Thomas Mayo Brewer.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewer's_blackbird"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/10325","photos":[{"f":"p/brebla-c711315806.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/711315806"},{"f":"p/brebla-2.webp","w":720,"h":576,"by":"Lip Kee","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/216668"},{"f":"p/brebla-1.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Alan D. Wilson","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brewers_Blackbird_Esquimalt_Lagoon.jpg"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/brebla-n2.mp3","dur":10,"type":"song","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-brewersblackbird.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-BRBL2ROMO5232017MorainePark.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"},{"f":"a/brebla-n1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"call","by":"Rocky Mountain National Park","loc":"","nps":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/sounds-brewersblackbird.htm","url":"https://www.nps.gov/nps-audiovideo/legacy/mp3/imr/avElement/romo-BRBLROMO6222015MorainePark.mp3","lic":"Public domain","lu":"https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/photosmultimedia/soundlibrary.htm"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":42.9,"y":40.5,"l":"green body sheen"},{"m":1,"x":23.6,"y":22.5,"l":"pale yellow eye"}]},{"id":"cliswa","unit":"marsh","pack":"p2","name":"Cliff Swallow","sci":"Petrochelidon pyrrhonota","alpha":"CLSW","len":5.5,"family":"Swallows and Martins","habitat":"Bridges, culverts, cliffs, open country near water","marks":["Square tail","Pale buff rump","Dark throat and white forehead patch"],"voice":"Creaky, squeaky twittering.","mnemonic":"a creaky, rasping twitter","facts":["Builds gourd-shaped mud nests under bridges and cliffs in colonies.","A single colony can hold thousands of nests.","Its square tail and buffy rump separate it from the Barn Swallow.","Each nest takes roughly a thousand beakfuls of mud."],"months":[0.034,0.066,0.052,0.454,0.945,1,0.859,0.271,0.124,0.093,0.026,0.05],"season":"Summer","similar":["barswa","yerwar","houspa"],"simOther":["Tree Swallow","Bank Swallow"],"wiki":{"text":"The cliff swallow or  American cliff swallow is a member of the passerine bird family Hirundinidae, the swallows and martins. The generic name Petrochelidon is derived from the Ancient Greek petros meaning \"stone\" and khelidon (χελιδών) \"swallow\", and the specific name pyrrhonota comes from purrhos meaning \"flame-coloured\" and -notos \"-backed\".","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_swallow"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/11858","photos":[{"f":"p/cliswa-c17961436.webp","w":622,"h":720,"by":"psweet","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/17961436"},{"f":"p/cliswa-c248885679.webp","w":720,"h":481,"by":"Xochitl Zambrano","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/248885679"},{"f":"p/cliswa-1.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Don DeBold","lic":"CC BY-SA 2.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Petrochelidon_pyrrhonota_-flight_-Palo_Alto_Baylands-8.jpg"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/cliswa-c178088981.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Whitney Brook Matson","loc":"Bridger-Teton National Forest, Dubois, WY, US","inat":"178088981","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/cliswa-c116610049.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Anders Hastings","loc":"Larimer County, US-CO, US","inat":"116610049","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":18.5,"y":38,"l":"square tail"},{"m":1,"x":24,"y":29.8,"l":"pale buff rump"},{"m":2,"x":60.6,"y":34.5,"l":"white forehead"}]},{"id":"swahaw","unit":"hunters","pack":"p2","name":"Swainson's Hawk","sci":"Buteo swainsoni","alpha":"SWHA","len":20,"family":"Hawks, Eagles, and Kites","habitat":"Farm fields, grasslands, open valleys in summer","marks":["Dark chest bib below a white throat","Two-toned underwing: pale linings, dark flight feathers","Long, pointed wings"],"voice":"A high, thin, plaintive scream.","mnemonic":"a thin, whistled 'kreeeee'","facts":["Migrates to Argentina for the winter — one of the longest migrations of any North American raptor.","Eats mostly grasshoppers outside the nesting season.","Its underwing is pale in front with dark flight feathers — the reverse of most hawks.","Migrates in huge flocks that circle on rising air."],"months":[0.009,0.009,0.018,0.659,0.533,0.676,0.782,1,0.599,0.075,0,0],"season":"Summer","similar":["rethaw","norhar","amekes"],"simOther":["Ferruginous Hawk","Harris's Hawk"],"wiki":{"text":"Swainson's hawk is a large bird species in the Accipitriformes order. This species was named after William Swainson, a British naturalist. It is colloquially known as the grasshopper hawk or locust hawk, as it is very fond of Acrididae and will voraciously eat these insects whenever they are available.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swainson's_hawk"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/5196","photos":[{"f":"p/swahaw-c460944964.webp","w":540,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/460944964"},{"f":"p/swahaw-2.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"Dick Daniels (https://theworldbirds.org/)","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swainson%27s_Hawk_(Buteo_swainsoni)_RWD.jpg"},{"f":"p/swahaw-c299048678.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/299048678"},{"f":"p/swahaw-c213208697.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/213208697"},{"f":"p/swahaw-4.webp","w":720,"h":802,"by":"Robbie Hannawacker","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16014051","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/swahaw-c301366051.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Hannah K. Maielua","loc":"Lake County, OR, USA","inat":"301366051","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/swahaw-c6194706.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Elin Pierce","loc":"Malmstrom Air Force Base, Malmstrom A F B, MT, US","inat":"6194706","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":61.7,"y":52.5,"l":"white throat"},{"m":0,"x":53.5,"y":53.5,"l":"dark chest bib"},{"m":1,"x":48.1,"y":41.7,"l":"pale wing linings"},{"m":1,"x":32.4,"y":31.9,"l":"dark flight feathers"},{"m":2,"x":84.3,"y":77.8,"l":"long pointed wings"}]},{"id":"norhar","unit":"hunters","pack":"p2","name":"Northern Harrier","sci":"Circus hudsonius","alpha":"NOHA","len":18,"family":"Hawks, Eagles, and Kites","habitat":"Marshes, fields, grasslands","marks":["Owl-like facial disk","White rump patch","Flies low with wings held in a V"],"voice":"Mostly silent; chattering 'kek' calls near the nest.","mnemonic":"kek-kek-kek","facts":["Has an owl-like facial disk and hunts partly by hearing.","Glides low over marshes and fields with its wings held in a V.","The silvery-gray adult male is nicknamed the 'gray ghost.'","Some males have several mates at once."],"months":[0.977,1,0.491,0.22,0.149,0.083,0.083,0.129,0.265,0.422,0.688,0.657],"season":"Year-round","similar":["rethaw","coohaw","swahaw"],"simOther":["Hen Harrier"],"wiki":{"text":"The northern harrier, also known as the marsh hawk or ring-tailed hawk, is a bird of prey. It breeds throughout the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere in Canada and the northernmost United States.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_harrier"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/558446","photos":[{"f":"p/norhar-c134615032.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/134615032"},{"f":"p/norhar-c165248101.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Jonathan Eisen","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/165248101"},{"f":"p/norhar-3.webp","w":720,"h":417,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/331506786","lab":"female"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/norhar-c121725922.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Dan MacNeal","loc":"Ontario, CA","inat":"121725922","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/norhar-c262237378.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Kalvin Chan","loc":"Delta, BC, Canada","inat":"262237378","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":54.9,"y":60.4,"l":"owl-like face"},{"m":1,"x":33.3,"y":56,"l":"white rump"}]},{"id":"osprey","unit":"hunters","pack":"p2","name":"Osprey","sci":"Pandion haliaetus","alpha":"OSPR","len":22,"family":"Ospreys","habitat":"Reservoirs, rivers, lakes","marks":["White underparts and a dark eye stripe","Crooked, M-shaped wings in flight","Brown back"],"voice":"High, whistled chirps.","mnemonic":"a high, piping 'cheep-cheep'","facts":["Eats almost only fish, plunging feet-first into the water.","Has reversible outer toes and spiny foot pads for gripping slippery fish.","Nests on platforms, power poles and dead trees near water.","Found on every continent except Antarctica."],"months":[0.021,0,0.106,0.674,0.472,0.679,0.769,1,0.631,0.339,0.012,0.012],"season":"Summer","similar":["grbher","coohaw","rethaw"],"simOther":["Barred Owl"],"wiki":{"text":"The osprey, historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor, reaching more than 60 cm (24 in) in length and a wingspan of 180 cm (71 in). It is brown on the upperparts and predominantly greyish on the head and underparts.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osprey"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/116999","photos":[{"f":"p/osprey-0.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Chuck Homler / Focus On Wildlife","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","src":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osprey_Perched_Snag_Heislerville.jpg"},{"f":"p/osprey-c148993379.webp","w":720,"h":581,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/148993379"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/osprey-c98943942.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Lyndsey","loc":"Florida, US","inat":"98943942","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/osprey-c179529259.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Bruce Slater","loc":"North Virginia Beach, Virginia Beach, VA, USA","inat":"179529259","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":28,"y":23,"l":"dark eye stripe"},{"m":2,"x":40,"y":42,"l":"brown back"}]},{"id":"goleag","unit":"hunters","pack":"p2","name":"Golden Eagle","sci":"Aquila chrysaetos","alpha":"GOEA","len":33,"family":"Hawks, Eagles, and Kites","habitat":"Open country, canyons, mountain ridges","marks":["Huge and dark brown","Golden feathers on the back of the head","Legs feathered to the toes"],"voice":"Mostly silent; weak yelps.","mnemonic":"silent — watch the size and the soar","facts":["Can dive at well over 150 miles per hour when hunting.","Hunts jackrabbits and ground squirrels across Utah's open country.","Its legs are feathered all the way to the toes.","Nests on cliff ledges and reuses nests for years."],"months":[0.924,1,0.652,0.493,0.383,0.541,0.572,0.709,0.797,0.878,0.746,0.848],"season":"Year-round","similar":["baleag","rethaw","turvul"],"simOther":["Ferruginous Hawk"],"wiki":{"text":"The golden eagle is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. They are one of the best-known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. These birds are dark brown, with lighter golden-brown plumage on their napes. Immature eagles of this species typically have white on the tail and often have white markings on the wings. Golden eagles use their agility and speed combined with powerful feet and large, sharp talons to hunt a variety of prey, mainly hares, rabbits, marmots, and other ground squirrels.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_eagle"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/5074","photos":[{"f":"p/goleag-c631265953.webp","w":519,"h":720,"by":"Brooke J.","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/631265953"},{"f":"p/goleag-c250365683.webp","w":480,"h":720,"by":"Madeleine Claire","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/250365683"},{"f":"p/goleag-c222207380.webp","w":720,"h":720,"by":"unknown","lic":"CC0","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/222207380"},{"f":"p/goleag-3.webp","w":720,"h":900,"by":"Matt Berger","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/371810165","lab":"juvenile"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/goleag-cw0.mp3","dur":4,"type":"recording","by":"Bubulcus","loc":"Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).","commons":"File:Golden eagle.ogg","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGolden_eagle.ogg","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"},{"f":"a/goleag-cw1.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"unknown","loc":"The call of a Golden Eagle, recorded at Kinlochewe, Scotland","commons":"File:Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) (W1CDR0001387 BD6).ogg","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGolden_Eagle_(Aquila_chrysaetos)_(W1CDR0001387_BD6).ogg","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"soundQuiz":false,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":50.1,"y":41.7,"l":"huge dark brown body"},{"m":1,"x":62.9,"y":21.8,"l":"golden nape feathers"},{"m":2,"x":29.9,"y":68.8,"l":"feathered legs"}]},{"id":"burowl","unit":"hunters","pack":"p2","name":"Burrowing Owl","sci":"Athene cunicularia","alpha":"BUOW","len":9.5,"family":"Typical Owls","habitat":"Open grasslands and desert with burrows","marks":["Small owl on long legs","Bright yellow eyes","Spotted brown; often stands at a burrow entrance"],"voice":"A soft, dove-like 'coo-coooo'.","mnemonic":"coo-coooo","facts":["Nests underground, often in old prairie dog or ground squirrel burrows.","Young owls in the burrow make a hiss that sounds like a rattlesnake.","Scatters animal dung around its burrow, which attracts dung beetles to eat.","Active in daylight as well as at night."],"months":[0.075,0.092,0.422,0.457,0.569,1,0.873,0.912,0.593,0.11,0.129,0.104],"season":"Summer","similar":["wesowl"],"simOther":[],"wiki":{"text":"The burrowing owl is a small, long-legged, primarily terrestrial—though not flightless—species of owl native to the open landscapes of North and South America. They are typically found in grasslands, rangelands, agricultural areas, deserts, or any other open, dry area with low vegetation. They nest and roost in burrows, and, despite their common name, do not often construct these dwellings themselves, rather repurposing disused burrows or tunnels previously excavated and inhabited by other species, such as American badgers, foxes, ground squirrels or prairie dogs, among others.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrowing_owl"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/19975","photos":[{"f":"p/burowl-c40637755.webp","w":720,"h":540,"by":"kclarksdnhmorg","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/40637755"},{"f":"p/burowl-c105784586.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Bill Levine","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/105784586"},{"f":"p/burowl-c619981401.webp","w":720,"h":315,"by":"Daughter Dad","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/619981401"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/burowl-c172698901.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Xochitl Zambrano","loc":"21355 Mexicali, B.C., México","inat":"172698901","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/burowl-c64502239.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Sol Quipildor","loc":"Av. H. Yrigoyen pasando 25 de Mayo, La Merced, Salta, Argentina","inat":"64502239","lic":"CC BY-SA","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":47.2,"y":86.1,"l":"long legs"},{"m":1,"x":35.4,"y":32.8,"l":"yellow eyes"},{"m":2,"x":46.4,"y":44.4,"l":"spotted brown"}]},{"id":"wesowl","unit":"hunters","pack":"p2","name":"Western Screech-Owl","sci":"Megascops kennicottii","alpha":"WESO","len":8.5,"family":"Typical Owls","habitat":"Cottonwoods, riparian woods, towns","marks":["Small owl with ear tufts","Gray with fine streaks","Yellow eyes and a dark bill"],"voice":"A series of hoots that speeds up like a bouncing ball.","mnemonic":"hoo-hoo-hoo-hu-hu-hu-hu","facts":["Its song speeds up like a bouncing ball coming to rest.","Nests in tree cavities and nest boxes, including in town.","Can raise or flatten its ear tufts to change its outline.","Common in Utah's cottonwoods but rarely seen."],"months":[0.802,0.616,0.475,0.262,0.288,1,0.865,0.421,0.485,0.471,0.56,0.348],"season":"Year-round","similar":["grhowl","burowl","sancra"],"simOther":["Northern Saw-whet Owl","American Goshawk"],"wiki":{"text":"The western screech owl is a small owl native to North and Central America, closely related to the eastern screech owl. The scientific name commemorates the American naturalist Robert Kennicott and roughly translates to \"Kennicott's great/large owl\".","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_screech_owl"},"inat":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/19743","photos":[{"f":"p/wesowl-c21657750.webp","w":720,"h":480,"by":"Rocio Reybal","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/21657750"},{"f":"p/wesowl-c21657484.webp","w":720,"h":506,"by":"Rocio Reybal","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/21657484"},{"f":"p/wesowl-c150754976.webp","w":720,"h":685,"by":"Jonathan Curley","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","src":"iNaturalist","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/150754976"}],"sounds":[{"f":"a/wesowl-c83751682.mp3","dur":2,"type":"recording","by":"Grant Chovil","loc":"Jackson Ave, Ogden, UT, US","inat":"83751682","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},{"f":"a/wesowl-c177469228.mp3","dur":10,"type":"recording","by":"Hawk T.","loc":"Granite Bay","inat":"177469228","lic":"CC BY","lu":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"}],"soundQuiz":true,"fm":[{"m":0,"x":57,"y":14.6,"l":"ear tufts"},{"m":1,"x":45.8,"y":52,"l":"gray, fine streaks"},{"m":2,"x":57.6,"y":28,"l":"yellow eyes"}]}],"built":"2026-10-05"}